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一种简单的图像分析

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简介

一种简单的边界分析，通过相邻的像素的灰度进行判断，计算出边界。

测试1

原图

结果

测试2

原图

结果

代码说明

主要的技术在makeTable过程中，这个过程主要执行了以下几步

  1. 计算每个像素的灰度
  2. 计算相邻多个像素的最大灰度差
  3. 统计灰度差，计算出阈值
  4. 根据阈值，计算出边界，并标注在图像上

procedure makeTable(img: TBitmap32);
var
  w, h, w_r, h_r, x, y, k, r_count, Pcount: Integer;
  bmp2, bmp: TBitmap32;
  blist: TByteTable;
  blist_diff: TByteTable;
  b, b1, b2, maxa: byte;
  c32: TColor32Entry;
  sum, stepCount, count: integer;
  idx, i, j, s_x_1, s_x_2: integer;
  s_y_1, s_y_2: integer;
  c_b: array[0..255] of integer;
  FilterB: Byte;
  Filter_Count: integer;
  Filter_Sum: integer;

  RectList: array of array of TRectRec;
  r: Trect;
  pt_1, path: array of TPoint;
  fillcount, maxfillcount: integer;
  function check_r(i, j: integer; pt: array of TPoint): Boolean;
  var
    idx: integer;
  begin
    Result := false;
    if RectList[i, j].count <= 0 then
      exit;

    for idx := 0 to high(pt) do
      begin
        if RectList[i + pt[idx].X, j + pt[idx].y].count > 0 then
          begin
            Result := false;
            Exit;
          end;
      end;
    Result := true;
  end;
  procedure getFill(x, y: integer; pt: array of TPoint; MaxCount: integer; var path: array of TPoint; var count: integer);
  var
    idx: integer;
    ax, ay: integer;
  begin
    if x < 0 then
      Exit;
    if y < 0 then
      Exit;
    if x >= w_r then
      Exit;
    if y >= h_r then
      Exit;
    if RectList[x, y].count <= 0 then
      Exit;
    if count >= MaxCount then
      exit;
    for idx := count - 1 downto 0 do
      begin
        if (path[idx].X = x) and (path[idx].y = y) then
          begin
            Exit;
          end;
      end;
    path[count] := Point(x, y);
    inc(count);
    if count >= MaxCount then
      exit;
    for idx := 0 to high(pt) do
      begin
        ax := x + pt[idx].X;
        ay := y + pt[idx].Y;
        getFill(ax, ay, pt, MaxCount, path, count);
      end;
  end;
begin
  w := img.Width;
  h := img.Height;

  SetLength(blist, w);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist[x], h);
  SetLength(blist_diff, w);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist_diff[x], h);

  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        c32.ARGB := img.Pixel[x, y];
        b := (77 * c32.R + 150 * c32.G + 29 * c32.B) shr 8;
        blist[x, y] := b;
      end;

  bmp2 := TBitmap32.Create;
  bmp2.SetSize(w, h);
  maxa := 0;
  stepCount := 5;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        count := min(x - 0 + 1, stepCount);
        s_x_1 := getsum(blist, x, y, -1, 0, count);
        count := min(w - x, stepCount);
        s_x_2 := getsum(blist, x, y, 1, 0, count);

        count := min(y - 0 + 1, stepCount);
        s_y_1 := getsum(blist, x, y, 0, -1, count);
        count := min(h - y, stepCount);
        s_y_2 := getsum(blist, x, y, 0, 1, count);

        b := max(abs(s_x_1 - s_x_2), abs(s_y_1 - s_y_2));
        blist_diff[x, y] := b;
        if b > maxa then
          maxa := b;
      end;

  ZeroMemory(@(c_b[0]), length(c_b) * sizeof(i));
  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        b := blist_diff[x, y];
        b := 255 * b div maxa;
        blist_diff[x, y] := b;
        inc(c_b[b]);
        inc(Pcount);
      end;
  FilterB := 0;
  count := 0;
  for i := 0 to 255 do
    begin
      inc(count, c_b[i]);
      if count > (Pcount div 2) then
        begin
          FilterB := i ;
          Break;
        end
    end;

  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin

        if blist_diff[x, y] < FilterB then
          blist_diff[x, y] := 0;
      end;
  x := 0;
  y := 0;
  r_count := 10;
  w_r := (w - 1) div r_count + 1;
  h_r := (h - 1) div r_count + 1;

  SetLength(RectList, w_r);
  for x := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    SetLength(RectList[x], h_r);

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        x := (i) * r_count;
        y := (j) * r_count;
        r.Left := x;
        r.Top := y;
        r.Right := Min(x + r_count, w);
        r.Bottom := Min(y + r_count, h);
        RectList[i, j].rect := r;
        RectList[i, j].sum := 0;
        RectList[i, j].count := 0;
      end;
  count := 0;
  sum := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        b := blist_diff[x, y];
        if b = 0 then
          Continue;
        i := x div (r_count);
        j := y div (r_count);
        inc(RectList[i, j].sum, b);
        inc(RectList[i, j].count);
        inc(sum, b);
        inc(count);
      end;

  Filter_Sum := sum div count;
  Filter_Count := max(r_count, count div (w_r * h_r));
  setlength(pt_1, 8);
  pt_1[0] := Point(-1, -1);
  pt_1[1] := Point(0, -1);
  pt_1[2] := Point(+1, -1);
  pt_1[3] := Point(-1, 0);
  pt_1[4] := Point(+1, 0);
  pt_1[5] := Point(-1, +1);
  pt_1[6] := Point(0, +1);
  pt_1[7] := Point(-1, +1);

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        if RectList[i, j].count < Filter_Count then
          begin
            RectList[i, j].count := 0
          end
        else
          begin
            if RectList[i, j].sum < (Filter_Sum * RectList[i, j].count) then
              begin
                RectList[i, j].count := 0;
              end;


          end;
      end;
  setlength(path, 255);
  maxfillcount := 50;

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        fillcount := 0;
        getFill(i, j, pt_1, maxfillcount + 1, path, fillcount);
        if fillcount <= maxfillcount then
          begin
            for idx := 0 to fillcount - 1 do
              begin
                RectList[path[idx].X, path[idx].y].count := 0;
              end;
          end;
      end;
  setlength(pt_1, 0);
  setlength(path, 0);


  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 1 to w - 2 do
    for y := 1 to h - 2 do
      begin
        if blist_diff[x, y] > 0 then
          inc(Pcount);
      end;
  c32.ARGB := clRed32;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        i := x div (r_count);
        j := y div (r_count);
        if RectList[i, j].count > 0 then
          c32.A := blist_diff[x, y]
        else
          c32.A := 0;
        bmp2.Pixel[x, y] := c32.ARGB;
      end;
  bmp2.DrawMode := dmBlend;
  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        if RectList[i, j].count > 0 then
          img.FrameRectS(RectList[i, j].rect, clBlue32);
      end;
  img.Draw(0, 0, bmp2);
  FreeAndNil(bmp2);

  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist[x], 0);
  SetLength(blist, 0);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist_diff[x], 0);
  SetLength(blist_diff, 0);
  for x := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    SetLength(RectList[x], 0);
  setlength(RectList, 0);
end;

完整代码 

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, jpeg, gr32, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ScrollBox1: TScrollBox;
    Panel1: TPanel;
    Image1: TImage;
    ComboBox1: TComboBox;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}
uses math;
type
  TByteTable = array of array of Byte;
  TRectRec = record
    rect: TRect;
    b: Byte;
    sum: integer;
    count: integer;
  end;

function getsum(table: TByteTable; ax, ay, ix, iy, count: integer): integer;
var
  i, x, y: integer;
begin
  Result := 0;
  x := ax;
  y := ay;
  for i := 1 to count do
    begin
      inc(Result, table[x, y]);
      inc(x, ix);
      inc(y, iy);
    end;
  Result := Result div count;
end;

procedure makeTable(img: TBitmap32);
var
  w, h, w_r, h_r, x, y, k, r_count, Pcount: Integer;
  bmp2, bmp: TBitmap32;
  blist: TByteTable;
  blist_diff: TByteTable;
  b, b1, b2, maxa: byte;
  c32: TColor32Entry;
  sum, stepCount, count: integer;
  idx, i, j, s_x_1, s_x_2: integer;
  s_y_1, s_y_2: integer;
  c_b: array[0..255] of integer;
  FilterB: Byte;
  Filter_Count: integer;
  Filter_Sum: integer;

  RectList: array of array of TRectRec;
  r: Trect;
  pt_1, path: array of TPoint;
  fillcount, maxfillcount: integer;
  function check_r(i, j: integer; pt: array of TPoint): Boolean;
  var
    idx: integer;
  begin
    Result := false;
    if RectList[i, j].count <= 0 then
      exit;

    for idx := 0 to high(pt) do
      begin
        if RectList[i + pt[idx].X, j + pt[idx].y].count > 0 then
          begin
            Result := false;
            Exit;
          end;
      end;
    Result := true;
  end;
  procedure getFill(x, y: integer; pt: array of TPoint; MaxCount: integer; var path: array of TPoint; var count: integer);
  var
    idx: integer;
    ax, ay: integer;
  begin
    if x < 0 then
      Exit;
    if y < 0 then
      Exit;
    if x >= w_r then
      Exit;
    if y >= h_r then
      Exit;
    if RectList[x, y].count <= 0 then
      Exit;
    if count >= MaxCount then
      exit;
    for idx := count - 1 downto 0 do
      begin
        if (path[idx].X = x) and (path[idx].y = y) then
          begin
            Exit;
          end;
      end;
    path[count] := Point(x, y);
    inc(count);
    if count >= MaxCount then
      exit;
    for idx := 0 to high(pt) do
      begin
        ax := x + pt[idx].X;
        ay := y + pt[idx].Y;
        getFill(ax, ay, pt, MaxCount, path, count);
      end;
  end;
begin
  w := img.Width;
  h := img.Height;

  SetLength(blist, w);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist[x], h);
  SetLength(blist_diff, w);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist_diff[x], h);

  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        c32.ARGB := img.Pixel[x, y];
        b := (77 * c32.R + 150 * c32.G + 29 * c32.B) shr 8;
        blist[x, y] := b;
      end;



  bmp2 := TBitmap32.Create;
  bmp2.SetSize(w, h);
  maxa := 0;
  stepCount := 5;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        count := min(x - 0 + 1, stepCount);
        s_x_1 := getsum(blist, x, y, -1, 0, count);
        count := min(w - x, stepCount);
        s_x_2 := getsum(blist, x, y, 1, 0, count);

        count := min(y - 0 + 1, stepCount);
        s_y_1 := getsum(blist, x, y, 0, -1, count);
        count := min(h - y, stepCount);
        s_y_2 := getsum(blist, x, y, 0, 1, count);

        b := max(abs(s_x_1 - s_x_2), abs(s_y_1 - s_y_2));
        blist_diff[x, y] := b;
        if b > maxa then
          maxa := b;
      end;

  ZeroMemory(@(c_b[0]), length(c_b) * sizeof(i));
  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        b := blist_diff[x, y];
        b := 255 * b div maxa;
        blist_diff[x, y] := b;
        inc(c_b[b]);
        inc(Pcount);
      end;
  FilterB := 0;
  count := 0;
  for i := 0 to 255 do
    begin
      inc(count, c_b[i]);
      if count > (Pcount div 2) then
        begin
          FilterB := i ;
          Break;
        end
    end;

  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin

        if blist_diff[x, y] < FilterB then
          blist_diff[x, y] := 0;
      end;
  x := 0;
  y := 0;
  r_count := 10;
  w_r := (w - 1) div r_count + 1;
  h_r := (h - 1) div r_count + 1;

  SetLength(RectList, w_r);
  for x := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    SetLength(RectList[x], h_r);

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        x := (i) * r_count;
        y := (j) * r_count;
        r.Left := x;
        r.Top := y;
        r.Right := Min(x + r_count, w);
        r.Bottom := Min(y + r_count, h);
        RectList[i, j].rect := r;
        RectList[i, j].sum := 0;
        RectList[i, j].count := 0;
      end;
  count := 0;
  sum := 0;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        b := blist_diff[x, y];
        if b = 0 then
          Continue;
        i := x div (r_count);
        j := y div (r_count);
        inc(RectList[i, j].sum, b);
        inc(RectList[i, j].count);
        inc(sum, b);
        inc(count);
      end;

  Filter_Sum := sum div count;
  Filter_Count := max(r_count, count div (w_r * h_r));
  setlength(pt_1, 8);
  pt_1[0] := Point(-1, -1);
  pt_1[1] := Point(0, -1);
  pt_1[2] := Point(+1, -1);
  pt_1[3] := Point(-1, 0);
  pt_1[4] := Point(+1, 0);
  pt_1[5] := Point(-1, +1);
  pt_1[6] := Point(0, +1);
  pt_1[7] := Point(-1, +1);

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        if RectList[i, j].count < Filter_Count then
          begin
            RectList[i, j].count := 0
          end
        else
          begin
            if RectList[i, j].sum < (Filter_Sum * RectList[i, j].count) then
              begin
                RectList[i, j].count := 0;
              end;


          end;
      end;
  setlength(path, 255);
  maxfillcount := 50;

  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        fillcount := 0;
        getFill(i, j, pt_1, maxfillcount + 1, path, fillcount);
        if fillcount <= maxfillcount then
          begin
            for idx := 0 to fillcount - 1 do
              begin
                RectList[path[idx].X, path[idx].y].count := 0;
              end;
          end;
      end;
  setlength(pt_1, 0);
  setlength(path, 0);


  Pcount := 0;
  for x := 1 to w - 2 do
    for y := 1 to h - 2 do
      begin
        if blist_diff[x, y] > 0 then
          inc(Pcount);
      end;
  c32.ARGB := clRed32;
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    for y := 0 to h - 1 do
      begin
        i := x div (r_count);
        j := y div (r_count);
        if RectList[i, j].count > 0 then
          c32.A := blist_diff[x, y]
        else
          c32.A := 0;
        bmp2.Pixel[x, y] := c32.ARGB;
      end;
  bmp2.DrawMode := dmBlend;
  for i := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    for j := 0 to h_r - 1 do
      begin
        if RectList[i, j].count > 0 then
          img.FrameRectS(RectList[i, j].rect, clBlue32);
      end;
  img.Draw(0, 0, bmp2);
  FreeAndNil(bmp2);

  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist[x], 0);
  SetLength(blist, 0);
  for x := 0 to w - 1 do
    SetLength(blist_diff[x], 0);
  SetLength(blist_diff, 0);
  for x := 0 to w_r - 1 do
    SetLength(RectList[x], 0);
  setlength(RectList, 0);
end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
  fn: string;
  bmp: TBitmap32;
begin
  fn := ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName) + 'IMG_0023.JPG';
  bmp := TBitmap32.Create;
  bmp.LoadFromFile(fn);
  fn := fn + '.bmp';
  makeTable(bmp);
  bmp.SaveToFile(fn);
  Image1.Picture.LoadFromFile(fn);
end;

end.

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