以Bert训练为例,测试torch不同的运行方式,并用torch.profile+HolisticTraceAnalysis分析性能瓶颈

以Bert训练为例,测试torch不同的运行方式,并用torch.profile+HolisticTraceAnalysis分析性能瓶颈

1.参考链接:

• Accelerating PyTorch with CUDA Graphs
• BERT
• torch-compiler

2.性能对比

3.相关依赖或命令

# 安装pytorch
pip install torch==2.3.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
 
# 安装HTA
git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/HolisticTraceAnalysis.git
cd HolisticTraceAnalysis
git submodule update --init
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install -e .
 
# 运行jupyter
pip install jupyter
jupyter notebook --allow-root --no-browser --ip=192.168.1.100 --port 8080

4.测试代码

import os
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import copy
import sys
import torch
from tqdm import tqdm
from torch.profiler import profile
import time
from typing import Final, Any, Callable
import random
import numpy as np
import os
import requests
import importlib.util
import sys
import json
     
def download_module(url, destination_path):
    response = requests.get(url)
    response.raise_for_status()
    with open(destination_path, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(response.content)
 
def module_from_path(module_name, file_path):
    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_path)
    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
    sys.modules[module_name] = module
    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
    return module
 
def load_or_download_module(module_url, module_name, cache_dir=".cache"):
    if not os.path.exists(cache_dir):
        os.makedirs(cache_dir)
    destination_path = os.path.join(cache_dir, module_name + ".py")
    if not os.path.isfile(destination_path):
        download_module(module_url, destination_path)
    module = module_from_path(module_name, destination_path)
    return module
 
import sys
sys.path.append(".cache/")
 
module_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples/master/PyTorch/LanguageModeling/BERT/file_utils.py"
module_name = "file_utils"
load_or_download_module(module_url, module_name)
 
module_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples/master/PyTorch/LanguageModeling/BERT/modeling.py"
module_name = "modeling"
modeling = load_or_download_module(module_url, module_name)
 
def fix_gelu_bug(fn):
    def wrapper(tensor, *args, **kwargs):
        return fn(tensor)
    return wrapper
torch.nn.functional.gelu=fix_gelu_bug(torch.nn.functional.gelu)
 
class SyncFreeStats :
    def __init__(self) :
        self.host_stats = {}
        self.device_stats = {}
        self.device_funcs = {}
 
    def add_stat(self, name, dtype=torch.int32, device_tensor=None, device_func=None) :
        if device_tensor is not None :
            assert dtype == device_tensor.dtype, "Error: dtype do not match: {} {}".format(dtype, device_tensor.dtype)
        self.host_stats[name] = torch.zeros(1, dtype=dtype).pin_memory()
        self.device_stats[name] = device_tensor
        self.device_funcs[name] = device_func
 
    def copy_from_device(self) :
        for name in self.host_stats.keys() :
            # Apply device function to device stat
            if self.device_stats[name] is not None and self.device_funcs[name] is not None:
                self.host_stats[name].copy_(self.device_funcs[name](self.device_stats[name]), non_blocking=True)
            elif self.device_stats[name] is not None :
                self.host_stats[name].copy_(self.device_stats[name], non_blocking=True)
            elif self.device_funcs[name] is not None :
                self.host_stats[name].copy_(self.device_funcs[name](), non_blocking=True)
 
    def host_stat(self, name) :
        assert name in self.host_stats
        return self.host_stats[name]
 
    def host_stat_value(self, name) :
        assert name in self.host_stats
        return self.host_stats[name].item()
 
    def update_host_stat(self, name, tensor) :
        self.host_stats[name] = tensor
 
    def device_stat(self, name) :
        assert self.device_stats[name] is not None
        return self.device_stats[name]
 
    def update_device_stat(self, name, tensor) :
        self.device_stats[name] = tensor
         
class BertPretrainingCriterion(torch.nn.Module):
    sequence_output_is_dense: Final[bool]
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, sequence_output_is_dense=False):
        super(BertPretrainingCriterion, self).__init__()
        self.loss_fn = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=-1)
        self.vocab_size = vocab_size
        self.sequence_output_is_dense = sequence_output_is_dense
 
    def forward(self, prediction_scores, seq_relationship_score, masked_lm_labels, next_sentence_labels):
        if self.sequence_output_is_dense:
            # prediction_scores are already dense
            masked_lm_labels_flat = masked_lm_labels.view(-1)
            mlm_labels = masked_lm_labels_flat[masked_lm_labels_flat != -1]
            masked_lm_loss = self.loss_fn(prediction_scores.view(-1, self.vocab_size), mlm_labels.view(-1))
        else:
            masked_lm_loss = self.loss_fn(prediction_scores.view(-1, self.vocab_size), masked_lm_labels.view(-1))
        next_sentence_loss = self.loss_fn(seq_relationship_score.view(-1, 2), next_sentence_labels.view(-1))
        total_loss = masked_lm_loss + next_sentence_loss
        return total_loss
 
def setup_model_optimizer_data(device="cuda"):
 
    train_batch_size=1
    max_seq_length=128
 
    config=modeling.BertConfig(21128)
    sequence_output_is_dense=False
    model = modeling.BertForPreTraining(config, sequence_output_is_dense=sequence_output_is_dense)
    model=model.half()
    model.train().to(device)
    optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.1)
    criterion = BertPretrainingCriterion(config.vocab_size, sequence_output_is_dense=sequence_output_is_dense).to(device)
    batch = {
        'input_ids': torch.ones(train_batch_size, max_seq_length, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        'token_type_ids': torch.ones(train_batch_size, max_seq_length, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        'attention_mask': torch.ones(train_batch_size, max_seq_length, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        'labels': torch.ones(train_batch_size, max_seq_length, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
        'next_sentence_labels': torch.ones(train_batch_size, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
    }
    stats = SyncFreeStats()
    stats.add_stat('average_loss', dtype=torch.float32, device_tensor=torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.float32, device=device))
     
    return model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats
 
def train_step(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats):
    optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
    prediction_scores,seq_relationship_score=model(input_ids=batch['input_ids'],
            token_type_ids=batch['token_type_ids'],
            attention_mask=batch['attention_mask'],
            masked_lm_labels=batch['labels'])
    loss = criterion(prediction_scores, seq_relationship_score, batch['labels'], batch['next_sentence_labels'])
    stats.device_stat('average_loss').add_(loss.detach())
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()  
     
def reset_seed():
    random.seed(0)
    np.random.seed(0)
    torch.manual_seed(0)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)
      
def stat(data):
    return f"max:{np.max(data):.4f} min:{np.min(data):.4f} std:{np.std(data):.4f} mean:{np.mean(data):.4f}"
      
def prof_bert_native():
    reset_seed()
    activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU]
    activities.append(torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA)
    model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats=setup_model_optimizer_data()
     
    t0=time.time()
    train_step(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)     
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    t1=time.time()
    print(f"warmup:{t1-t0:.2f}")
     
    latency=[] 
    with profile(activities=activities,record_shapes=True,
                    with_stack=True,with_modules=True,
                    schedule=torch.profiler.schedule(wait=1,warmup=1,active=3,repeat=0),
                    with_flops=True,profile_memory=True) as prof:
        for i in range(10):
            t0=time.time()
            train_step(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)     
            torch.cuda.synchronize()
            t1=time.time()
            latency.append(t1-t0)
            prof.step()
    stats.copy_from_device()      
    print(f"native average_loss:{stats.host_stat_value('average_loss'):.4f} {stat(latency)}")
     
    prof.export_chrome_trace("prof_bert_native.json")
 
def prof_bert_cudagraph():
    reset_seed()
 
    activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU]
    activities.append(torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA)
    model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats=setup_model_optimizer_data()
 
    # Warmup Steps - includes jitting fusions
    side_stream = torch.cuda.Stream()
    side_stream.wait_stream(torch.cuda.current_stream())
    with torch.cuda.stream(side_stream):
        for _ in range(11):
            train_step(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)
    torch.cuda.current_stream().wait_stream(side_stream)
 
    # Capture Graph
    full_cudagraph = torch.cuda.CUDAGraph()
    with torch.cuda.graph(full_cudagraph):
        train_step(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)
     
    print("build done")
    t0=time.time()
    full_cudagraph.replay()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    t1=time.time()
    print(f"warmup:{t1-t0:.2f}")
    latency=[]
     
    with profile(activities=activities,record_shapes=True,
                    with_stack=True,with_modules=True,
                    schedule=torch.profiler.schedule(wait=1,warmup=1,active=3,repeat=0),
                    with_flops=True,profile_memory=True) as prof:
        for i in range(10):
            t0=time.time()
            full_cudagraph.replay()
            torch.cuda.synchronize()
            t1=time.time()
            latency.append(t1-t0)
            prof.step()
    stats.copy_from_device()           
    print(f"cudagraph average_loss:{stats.host_stat_value('average_loss'):.4f} {stat(latency)}")
    prof.export_chrome_trace("prof_bert_cudagraph.json")
 
def prof_bert_torchcompiler(backend):
    reset_seed()
    activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU]
    activities.append(torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA)
    model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats=setup_model_optimizer_data()
 
    latency=[]   
    t0=time.time()
    new_fn = torch.compile(train_step, backend=backend)
    t1=time.time()
    print(f"torchcompiler_{backend} build:{t1-t0:.4f}s")
    new_fn(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)     
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    t2=time.time()
    print(f"torchcompiler_{backend} warmup:{t2-t1:.4f}s")
     
    with profile(activities=activities,record_shapes=True,
                    with_stack=True,with_modules=True,
                    schedule=torch.profiler.schedule(wait=1,warmup=1,active=3,repeat=0),
                    with_flops=True,profile_memory=True) as prof:
        for i in range(10):
            t0=time.time()
            new_fn(model,optimizer,criterion,batch,stats)     
            torch.cuda.synchronize()
            t1=time.time()
            latency.append(t1-t0)
            prof.step()
             
    stats.copy_from_device()
    print(f"torchcompiler_{backend} average_loss:{stats.host_stat_value('average_loss'):.4f} {stat(latency)}")
    prof.export_chrome_trace(f"prof_bert_torchcompiler_{backend}.json")
 
os.environ['LOCAL_RANK']="0"
os.environ['RANK']="0"
os.environ['WORLD_SIZE']="1"
os.environ['MASTER_ADDR']="localhost"
os.environ['MASTER_PORT']="6006"
 
import torch.distributed as dist
dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl')
rank=torch.distributed.get_rank()
 
prof_bert_native()
prof_bert_cudagraph()
prof_bert_torchcompiler("cudagraphs")
prof_bert_torchcompiler("inductor")

5.HolisticTraceAnalysis代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# In[25]:
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
from hta.trace_analysis import TraceAnalysis
analyzer = TraceAnalysis(trace_dir = "./traces")
# In[26]:
temporal_breakdown_df = analyzer.get_temporal_breakdown()
# kernel_type_metrics_df, kernel_metrics_df = analyzer.get_gpu_kernel_breakdown()
# In[28]:
kernel_type_metrics_df
# In[29]:
kernel_metrics_df
# In[30]:
idle_time_df, interval_stats_df = analyzer.get_idle_time_breakdown(ranks=[0], visualize=True,\
                                                                   visualize_pctg = 1,
                                                                   show_idle_interval_stats=True)
# In[31]:
cuda_launch_kernel_stats = analyzer.get_cuda_kernel_launch_stats()
# In[32]:
memory_bw_series = analyzer.get_memory_bw_time_series()
# In[33]:
memory_bw_series
# In[34]:
ql_series = analyzer.get_queue_length_time_series()
# In[35]:
ql_series
# In[36]:
ql_summary = analyzer.get_queue_length_summary()
# In[37]:
ql_summary
# In[38]:
annotation = "ProfilerStep"
instance_id = (0)
cp_graph, success = analyzer.critical_path_analysis(rank = 0, annotation=annotation, instance_id=instance_id)
cp_graph.summary()
# In[39]:
analyzer.overlay_critical_path_analysis(0, cp_graph, output_dir='traces/overlaid')
# In[40]:
cuda_sequences_df = analyzer.get_frequent_cuda_kernel_sequences(operator_name="cu", output_dir = "/tmp/")
# In[42]:
cuda_sequences_df

6.可视化

A.优化前

B.优化后