【多线程开发 4】从源码学习LockSupport

从源码学习LockSupport

2024年6月30日

大家好啊，好久没写博客了，今天打算写一下，讲一下JUC里面LockSupport这个类。

这个是一个工具类，实际上也是为了线程通信开发的。它的源码比较短，也只引用了Unsafe一个类。所以我们可以先看下他的源码：

类注释

他的类注释如下：

Basic thread blocking primitives for creating locks and other synchronization classes.
This class associates, with each thread that uses it, a permit (in the sense of the Semaphore class). A call to park will return immediately if the permit is available, consuming it in the process; otherwise it may block. A call to unpark makes the permit available, if it was not already available. (Unlike with Semaphores though, permits do not accumulate. There is at most one.) Reliable usage requires the use of volatile (or atomic) variables to control when to park or unpark. Orderings of calls to these methods are maintained with respect to volatile variable accesses, but not necessarily non-volatile variable accesses.
Methods park and unpark provide efficient means of blocking and unblocking threads that do not encounter the problems that cause the deprecated methods Thread. suspend and Thread. resume to be unusable for such purposes: Races between one thread invoking park and another thread trying to unpark it will preserve liveness, due to the permit. Additionally, park will return if the caller’s thread was interrupted, and timeout versions are supported. The park method may also return at any other time, for “no reason”, so in general must be invoked within a loop that rechecks conditions upon return. In this sense park serves as an optimization of a “busy wait” that does not waste as much time spinning, but must be paired with an unpark to be effective.
The three forms of park each also support a blocker object parameter. This object is recorded while the thread is blocked to permit monitoring and diagnostic tools to identify the reasons that threads are blocked. (Such tools may access blockers using method getBlocker(Thread).) The use of these forms rather than the original forms without this parameter is strongly encouraged. The normal argument to supply as a blocker within a lock implementation is this.
These methods are designed to be used as tools for creating higher-level synchronization utilities, and are not in themselves useful for most concurrency control applications. The park method is designed for use only in constructions of the form:

while (!canProceed()) {   
   // ensure request to unpark is visible to other threads 
   ...   
       LockSupport. park(this);
}

where no actions by the thread publishing a request to unpark, prior to the call to park, entail locking or blocking. Because only one permit is associated with each thread, any intermediary uses of park, including implicitly via class loading, could lead to an unresponsive thread (a “lost unpark”).
Sample Usage. Here is a sketch of a first-in-first-out non-reentrant lock class:

class FIFOMutex {
   private final AtomicBoolean locked = new AtomicBoolean(false);
   private final Queue<Thread> waiters = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

   public void lock() {
       boolean wasInterrupted = false;
       // publish current thread for unparkers
       waiters.add(Thread.currentThread());
       // Block while not first in queue or cannot acquire lock
       while (waiters.peek() != Thread.currentThread() || !locked.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
           LockSupport.park(this);
           // ignore interrupts while waiting       
           if (Thread.interrupted()) wasInterrupted = true;
       }
       waiters.remove();
       // ensure correct interrupt status on return
       if (wasInterrupted)
           Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
   }

   public void unlock() {
       locked.set(false);
       LockSupport.unpark(waiters.peek());
   }

   static {     
       // Reduce the risk of "lost unpark" due to classloading
       Class<?> ensureLoaded = LockSupport.class;
   }
}

第一段文本大意为：

用于创建锁和其他同步类的基本线程阻塞原语。这个类与使用它的每个线程关联一个许可证(在信号量类的意义上)。如果许可证可用，将立即返回停车呼叫，并在此过程中消耗许可证;否则可能会堵塞。如果许可证尚未可用，则调用取消停车使其可用。(但与信号量不同的是，许可证不会累积。最多只有一个。)可靠的使用需要使用易失性(或原子)变量来控制何时停放或取消停放。调用这些的顺序

其实就是对想要枷锁的信息加上一个许可，提前给他许可再消费许可，还是代码走到消费许可后再拿到许可都可以，。

第二段文本大意为：

如果在调用park之前，线程没有发布请求取消park的操作，则会导致锁定或阻塞。因为每个线程只关联一个许可证，任何中间使用park(包括通过类加载隐式地使用)都可能导致线程无响应(“丢失的unpark”)。
样品使用。这是一个先进先出的不可重入锁类的草图:

就是根据第二块代码展示LockSupport具体怎么使用。

代码细节

unpark(Thread thread)

给对应thread发放许可。如果线程被LocjSupport的park()方法阻塞时，使用该方法会被立刻释放运行，如果没有阻塞，则使用该方法发放许可证明时，在下一次调用park()方法，则会直接运行不被阻塞。

park(Object blocker)

会向当前线程请求许可，没有许可就会阻塞，除非发生以下三种情况之一:

• 其他线程以当前线程为目标调用unpark
• 其他线程中断当前线程
• 调用返回

但是park方法不能看出来是哪一个原因导致线程可以重新运行。需要调用的人自己写代码看，例如，线程返回时的中断状态。

parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos)

和park方法一样，但是有时间限制，到了时间限制也会停止阻塞。

getBlocker(Thread t)

提供阻塞线程t的正在被阻塞的park方法是谁调用的，但是线程不安全，拿到这个对象操作的时候可能也已经被unpark了也说不定。

park()

直接禁用当前线程。

private LockSupport() {} // Cannot be instantiated.

LockSupport不能被初始化，只能使用LockSupport进行开发

setCurrentBlocker(Object blocker)

该方法可以做到在blocker使用park()方法之前会调用该方法，可以做到一些分析的作用。

总结

这个方法比较简单，但是比较方便进行线程间通信。