Java正则表达式

Java提供java.util.regex包，它包含Matcher类和Pattern类

import java.util.regex.*;
 
class RegexExample1{
   public static void main(String[] args){
      String content = "I am noob " +
        "from runoob.com.";
 
      String pattern = ".*runoob.*";
 
      boolean isMatch = Pattern.matches(pattern, content);
      System.out.println("字符串中是否包含了 'runoob' 子字符串? " + isMatch);
   }
}

捕获组

捕获组是把多个字符当一个单独单元进行处理的方法，它通过对括号内的字符分组来创建。可以通过调用 matcher 对象的 groupCount 方法来查看表达式有多少个分组。groupCount 方法返回一个 int 值，表示matcher对象当前有多个捕获组。

还有一个特殊的组（group(0)），它总是代表整个表达式。该组不包括在 groupCount 的返回值中。

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class RegexMatches
{
    public static void main( String[] args ){
 
      // 按指定模式在字符串查找
      String line = "This order was placed for QT3000! OK?";
      String pattern = "(\\D*)(\\d+)(.*)";
 
      // 创建 Pattern 对象
      Pattern r = Pattern.compile(pattern);
 
      // 现在创建 matcher 对象
      Matcher m = r.matcher(line);
      if (m.find( )) {
         System.out.println("Found value: " + m.group(0) );
         System.out.println("Found value: " + m.group(1) );
         System.out.println("Found value: " + m.group(2) );
         System.out.println("Found value: " + m.group(3) ); 
      } else {
         System.out.println("NO MATCH");
      }
   }
}

Matcher类的方法

索引方法

索引方法提供了有用的索引值，精确表明输入字符串中在哪能找到匹配：

查找方法

替换方法

start和end

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class RegexMatches
{
    private static final String REGEX = "\\bcat\\b";
    private static final String INPUT =
                                    "cat cat cat cattie cat";
 
    public static void main( String[] args ){
       Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
       Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT); // 获取 matcher 对象
       int count = 0;
 
       while(m.find()) {
         count++;
         System.out.println("Match number "+count);
         System.out.println("start(): "+m.start());
         System.out.println("end(): "+m.end());
      }
   }
}

matches和lookingAt

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class RegexMatches
{
    private static final String REGEX = "foo";
    private static final String INPUT = "fooooooooooooooooo";
    private static final String INPUT2 = "ooooofoooooooooooo";
    private static Pattern pattern;
    private static Matcher matcher;
    private static Matcher matcher2;
 
    public static void main( String[] args ){
       pattern = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
       matcher = pattern.matcher(INPUT);
       matcher2 = pattern.matcher(INPUT2);
 
       System.out.println("Current REGEX is: "+REGEX);
       System.out.println("Current INPUT is: "+INPUT);
       System.out.println("Current INPUT2 is: "+INPUT2);
 
 
       System.out.println("lookingAt(): "+matcher.lookingAt());
       System.out.println("matches(): "+matcher.matches());
       System.out.println("lookingAt(): "+matcher2.lookingAt());
   }
}

replaceFirst和replaceAll

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class RegexMatches
{
    private static String REGEX = "dog";
    private static String INPUT = "The dog says meow. " +
                                    "All dogs say meow.";
    private static String REPLACE = "cat";
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
       // get a matcher object
       Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT); 
       INPUT = m.replaceAll(REPLACE);
       System.out.println(INPUT);
   }
}

apendReplacement和appendTail方法

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class RegexMatches
{
   private static String REGEX = "a*b";
   private static String INPUT = "aabfooaabfooabfoobkkk";
   private static String REPLACE = "-";
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
      // 获取 matcher 对象
      Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
      while(m.find()){
         m.appendReplacement(sb,REPLACE);
      }
      m.appendTail(sb);
      System.out.println(sb.toString());
   }
}

appendReplacement方法以此将下一个匹配成功后的结果添加到StringBuffer里，appendTail将最后一次匹配成功后剩余的字符串添加到StringBuffer

PatternSyntaxException方法

指示正则表达式内出现了什么错误