一、引言
在上一节《音视频入门基础:H.264专题(14)——计算视频帧率的公式》中,讲述了通过SPS中的属性计算H.264编码的视频的帧率的公式。本文讲解FFmpeg源码中计算视频帧率的实现。
二、FFmpeg源码中计算视频帧率的实现
从文章《音视频入门基础:H.264专题(10)——FFmpeg源码中,存放SPS属性的结构体和解码SPS的函数分析》中,我们可以知道,FFmpeg源码中通过ff_h264_decode_seq_parameter_set函数解码SPS,从而拿到SPS中的属性。
计算视频帧率所需的属性在SPS的VUI parameters(视频可用参数)中。ff_h264_decode_seq_parameter_set函数通过调用decode_vui_parameters函数解码VUI parameters:
int ff_h264_decode_seq_parameter_set(GetBitContext *gb, AVCodecContext *avctx,
H264ParamSets *ps, int ignore_truncation)
{
//...
sps->vui_parameters_present_flag = get_bits1(gb);
if (sps->vui_parameters_present_flag) {
int ret = decode_vui_parameters(gb, avctx, sps);
if (ret < 0)
goto fail;
}
//...
}
decode_vui_parameters函数中通过下面的这部分代码拿到计算视频帧率所需的属性(timing_info_present_flag、num_units_in_tick、time_scale):
static inline int decode_vui_parameters(GetBitContext *gb, void *logctx,
SPS *sps)
{
//...
sps->timing_info_present_flag = get_bits1(gb);
if (sps->timing_info_present_flag) {
unsigned num_units_in_tick = get_bits_long(gb, 32);
unsigned time_scale = get_bits_long(gb, 32);
if (!num_units_in_tick || !time_scale) {
av_log(logctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
"time_scale/num_units_in_tick invalid or unsupported (%u/%u)\n",
time_scale, num_units_in_tick);
sps->timing_info_present_flag = 0;
} else {
sps->num_units_in_tick = num_units_in_tick;
sps->time_scale = time_scale;
}
sps->fixed_frame_rate_flag = get_bits1(gb);
}
//...
}
然后在FFmpeg源码的源文件libavcodec/h264_parser.c的parse_nal_units函数中,通过如下代码,得到视频帧率:
static inline int parse_nal_units(AVCodecParserContext *s,
AVCodecContext *avctx,
const uint8_t * const buf, int buf_size)
{
//...
for (;;) {
switch (nal.type) {
case H264_NAL_SPS:
ff_h264_decode_seq_parameter_set(&nal.gb, avctx, &p->ps, 0);
break;
//...
case H264_NAL_IDR_SLICE:
//...
if (sps->timing_info_present_flag) {
int64_t den = sps->time_scale;
if (p->sei.unregistered.x264_build < 44U)
den *= 2;
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * avctx->ticks_per_frame, den, 1 << 30);
}
//...
}
//...
}
}
可以看到在FFmpeg源码的parse_nal_units函数中,最终是通过语句
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * avctx->ticks_per_frame, den, 1 << 30);
计算出视频帧率的。
上述函数av_reduce的实参avctx->ticks_per_frame是结构体AVCodecContext的成员变量,它会被设置为每帧的时基的时钟数。默认值为1,如果编解码器是H.264或MPEG-2,会被设置为2:
typedef struct AVCodecContext {
/**
* For some codecs, the time base is closer to the field rate than the frame rate.
* Most notably, H.264 and MPEG-2 specify time_base as half of frame duration
* if no telecine is used ...
*
* Set to time_base ticks per frame. Default 1, e.g., H.264/MPEG-2 set it to 2.
*/
int ticks_per_frame;
}
用户需要获取H.264编码的视频的媒体信息时,会调用avformat_find_stream_info函数,而该函数内部会调用h264_decode_init函数,让avctx->ticks_per_frame被初始化为2(也就是说对于H.264,avctx->ticks_per_frame的值就是2):
static av_cold int h264_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
//...
if (avctx->ticks_per_frame == 1) {
if(h->avctx->time_base.den < INT_MAX/2) {
h->avctx->time_base.den *= 2;
} else
h->avctx->time_base.num /= 2;
}
avctx->ticks_per_frame = 2;
//...
}
所以在parse_nal_units函数中,语句:
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * avctx->ticks_per_frame, den, 1 << 30);
等价于:
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * 2, den, 1 << 30);
而den的值为sps->time_scale。所以上述语句等价于:
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * 2, sps->time_scale, 1 << 30);
av_reduce函数是用来计算视频帧率的,其源码定义在FFmpeg源码libavutil/rational.c中:
int av_reduce(int *dst_num, int *dst_den,
int64_t num, int64_t den, int64_t max)
{
AVRational a0 = { 0, 1 }, a1 = { 1, 0 };
int sign = (num < 0) ^ (den < 0);
int64_t gcd = av_gcd(FFABS(num), FFABS(den));
if (gcd) {
num = FFABS(num) / gcd;
den = FFABS(den) / gcd;
}
if (num <= max && den <= max) {
a1 = (AVRational) { num, den };
den = 0;
}
while (den) {
uint64_t x = num / den;
int64_t next_den = num - den * x;
int64_t a2n = x * a1.num + a0.num;
int64_t a2d = x * a1.den + a0.den;
if (a2n > max || a2d > max) {
if (a1.num) x = (max - a0.num) / a1.num;
if (a1.den) x = FFMIN(x, (max - a0.den) / a1.den);
if (den * (2 * x * a1.den + a0.den) > num * a1.den)
a1 = (AVRational) { x * a1.num + a0.num, x * a1.den + a0.den };
break;
}
a0 = a1;
a1 = (AVRational) { a2n, a2d };
num = den;
den = next_den;
}
av_assert2(av_gcd(a1.num, a1.den) <= 1U);
av_assert2(a1.num <= max && a1.den <= max);
*dst_num = sign ? -a1.num : a1.num;
*dst_den = a1.den;
return den == 0;
}
所以语句:
av_reduce(&avctx->framerate.den, &avctx->framerate.num,
sps->num_units_in_tick * 2, sps->time_scale, 1 << 30);
相当于执行了公式:视频帧率 = time_scale / (2 * num_units_in_tick)。然后把得到的视频帧率的分子和分母分别存放到avctx->framerate.den和avctx->framerate.num中返回。
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