A模块题目OpenStack平台部署与运维
任务 1 私有云平台环境初始化（6 分）
| IP | 主机名 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.157.30 | controller |
| 192.168.157.31 | compute |
1.配置主机名
把 controller 节点主机名设置为 controller, compute 节点主机名设置为 compute。
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点将 hostname 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# hostname
controller
[root@compute ~]# hostname
compute
解法:
hostnamectl set-hostname controller
hostnamectl set-hostname compute
2.配置 hosts 文件
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点修改 hosts 文件将 IP 地址映射为主机名。
请在 controller 节点将 cat /etc/hosts 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。 【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.157.30 controller
192.168.157.31 compute
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.157.30 controller
192.168.157.31 compute
3.挂载光盘镜像
将提供的 CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso 和 bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso 光盘镜像移动到
controller 节点 /root 目录下，然后在 /opt 目录下使用命令创建 centos 目录和 iaas 目录，
并将镜像文件 centOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso 挂载到 /opt/centos 目录下，将镜像文件
bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso 挂载到 /iaas 目录下。
请在 controller 节点将 ls /opt/iaas/命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
iaas-repo images
解法:
#将指定的镜像上传至/root目录下
#挂载
[root@controller ~]# cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF
/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso /opt/centos iso9660 defaults 0 0
/root/chinaskills_cloud_iaas.iso /opt/iaas iso9660 defaults 0 0
EOF
4.配置 controller 节点 yum 源
将 controller 节点原有的 yum 源移动到/home 目录，
为 controller 节点创建本地 yum 源，
yum 源文件名为 local.repo。
请将 yum list | grep vsftpd 的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# yum list | grep vsftpd
vsftpd.x86_64 3.0.2-22.el7 centos
解法:
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /home/yum
[root@controller ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/yum
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=file:///opt/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=file:///opt/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@controller ~]# yum repolist
5.搭建 ftp 服务器
在 controller 节点上安装 vsftp 服务, 将/opt 目录设为共享，并设置为开机自启动，然后
重启服务生效。
请将 cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf |grep /opt 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf |grep /opt
anon_root=/opt
解法:
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#添加
anon_root=/opt
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
#关闭防火墙及安全策略
[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@controller ~]# setenforce 0
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive
[root@compute ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@compute ~]# setenforce 0
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive
6.配置 compute 节点 yum 源
将 compute 节点原有的 yum 源移动到/home 目录，为 compute 节点创建 ftp 源，yum 源文件
名为 ftp.repo，其中 ftp 服务器为 controller 节点,配置 ftp 源时不要写 IP 地址。
请将 yum list | grep xiandian 命令的返回结果提交到答题框【1 分】
[root@compute ~]# yum list | grep xiandian
iaas-xiandian.x86_64 2.4-2 iaas-0
解法:
[root@compute ~]# mkdir /home/yum
[root@compute ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/yum
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ftp.repo
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=ftp://controller/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=ftp://controller/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@compute ~]# yum repolist
7.分区
在 compute 节点将 vdb 分为两个区分别为 vdb1 和 vdb2,大小自定义。要求分区格式为 gpt,
使用 mkfs.xfs 命令对文件系统格式化。
请将 lsblk -f 命令的返回结果提交到答题框【1 分】
虚拟机没有vdb区,使用sdb分区进行代替
[root@compute ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs c2b0cad1-cdef-48c6-adb7-5e4eafaf7458 /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member oiioJ7-K5mu-sPhw-R4Rb-S3yH-fWo9-23G9aY
├─centos-root xfs e78104be-5c62-4102-b730-f03cde9fa24a /
└─centos-swap swap 74991746-7fc7-4936-a835-4f603f2468c8 [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1 xfs 25a1594a-769d-48ac-966c-d59607cd0bb4
└─sdb2 xfs c49808f0-0ac0-4848-957d-e0525f1117b3
sdc
sr0 iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64 2018-05-03-20-55-23-00
解法:
[root@compute ~]# yum install -y gdisk
[root@compute ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or {
+-}size{
KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or {
+-}size{
KMGTP}: +10G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (34-41943006, default = 20973568) or {
+-}size{
KMGTP}:
Last sector (20973568-41943006, default = 41943006) or {
+-}size{
KMGTP}: +10G
Last sector (20973568-41943006, default = 41943006) or {
+-}size{
KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
[root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
8.系统调优-脏数据回写
Linux 系统内存中会存在脏数据，一般系统默认脏数据占用内存 30%时会回写磁盘，修
改系统配置文件，要求将回写磁盘的大小调整为 60%。
在 controller 节点请将 sysctl -p 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# sysctl -p
vm.dirty_ratio = 60
解法:
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.dirty_ratio = 60
任务 2 OpenStack 搭建任务（8 分）
1.修改脚本文件
在 controller 节点和 compute 节点分别安装 iaas-xiandian 软件包，修改脚本文件基本变
量（脚本文件为/etc/xiandian/openrc.sh），修改完成后使用命令生效该脚本文件。
在 controller 节点请将 echo $INTERFACE_NAME 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# echo $INTERFACE_NAME
eth36
解法:
#controller节点与compute节点做法相同
#只修改interface_ip和INTERFACE_NAME 即可
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y iaas-xiandian
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
#--------------------system Config--------------------##
#Controller Server Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
HOST_IP=192.168.157.30
#Controller HOST Password. example:000000
HOST_PASS=000000
#Controller Server hostname. example:controller
HOST_NAME=controller
#Compute Node Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.157.31
#Compute HOST Password. example:000000
HOST_PASS_NODE=000000
#Compute Node hostname. example:compute
HOST_NAME_NODE=compute
#--------------------Chrony Config-------------------##
#Controller network segment IP. example:x.x.0.0/16(x.x.x.0/24)
network_segment_IP=192.168.157,0/24
#--------------------Rabbit Config ------------------##
#user for rabbit. example:openstack
RABBIT_USER=openstack
#Password for rabbit user .example:000000
RABBIT_PASS=000000
#--------------------MySQL Config---------------------##
#Password for MySQL root user . exmaple:000000
DB_PASS=000000
#--------------------Keystone Config------------------##
#Password for Keystore admin user. exmaple:000000
DOMAIN_NAME=demo
ADMIN_PASS=000000
DEMO_PASS=000000
#Password for Mysql keystore user. exmaple:000000
KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000
#--------------------Glance Config--------------------##
#Password for Mysql glance user. exmaple:000000
GLANCE_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore glance user. exmaple:000000
GLANCE_PASS=000000
#--------------------Nova Config----------------------##
#Password for Mysql nova user. exmaple:000000
NOVA_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore nova user. exmaple:000000
NOVA_PASS=000000
#--------------------Neturon Config-------------------##
#Password for Mysql neutron user. exmaple:000000
NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore neutron user. exmaple:000000
NEUTRON_PASS=000000
#metadata secret for neutron. exmaple:000000
METADATA_SECRET=000000
#Tunnel Network Interface. example:x.x.x.x
INTERFACE_IP=192.168.157.30
#External Network Interface. example:eth1
INTERFACE_NAME=eth36
#External Network The Physical Adapter. example:provider
Physical_NAME=provider
#First Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. exmaple:101
minvlan=101
#Last Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. example:200
maxvlan=200
#--------------------Cinder Config--------------------##
#Password for Mysql cinder user. exmaple:000000
CINDER_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore cinder user. exmaple:000000
CINDER_PASS=000000
#Cinder Block Disk. example:md126p3
BLOCK_DISK=sdb1
#--------------------Swift Config---------------------##
#Password for Keystore swift user. exmaple:000000
SWIFT_PASS=000000
#The NODE Object Disk for Swift. example:md126p4.
OBJECT_DISK=sdb2
#The NODE IP for Swift Storage Network. example:x.x.x.x.
STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.157.31
#--------------------Heat Config----------------------##
#Password for Mysql heat user. exmaple:000000
HEAT_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore heat user. exmaple:000000
HEAT_PASS=000000
#--------------------Zun Config-----------------------##
#Password for Mysql Zun user. exmaple:000000
ZUN_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Zun user. exmaple:000000
ZUN_PASS=000000
#Password for Mysql Kuryr user. exmaple:000000
KURYR_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Kuryr user. exmaple:000000
KURYR_PASS=000000
#--------------------Ceilometer Config----------------##
#Password for Gnocchi ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
CEILOMETER_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
CEILOMETER_PASS=000000
#--------------------AODH Config----------------##
#Password for Mysql AODH user. exmaple:000000
AODH_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore AODH user. exmaple:000000
AODH_PASS=000000
#--------------------Barbican Config----------------##
#Password for Mysql Barbican user. exmaple:000000
BARBICAN_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Barbican user. exmaple:000000
BARBICAN_PASS=000000
root@controller ~]# source /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
2.修改脚本文件
在 compute 节点配置/etc/xiandian/openrc.sh 文件，根据环境情况修改参数，块存储服务
的后端使用第二块硬盘的第一个分区，生效该参数文件。
请将 echo $INTERFACE_IP&& echo $BLOCK_DISK 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@compute ~]# echo $INTERFACE_IP&& echo $BLOCK_DISK
192.168.157.31
sdb1
解法:
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
#--------------------system Config--------------------##
#Controller Server Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
HOST_IP=192.168.157.30
#Controller HOST Password. example:000000
HOST_PASS=000000
#Controller Server hostname. example:controller
HOST_NAME=controller
#Compute Node Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.157.31
#Compute HOST Password. example:000000
HOST_PASS_NODE=000000
#Compute Node hostname. example:compute
HOST_NAME_NODE=compute
#--------------------Chrony Config-------------------##
#Controller network segment IP. example:x.x.0.0/16(x.x.x.0/24)
network_segment_IP=192.168.157,0/24
#--------------------Rabbit Config ------------------##
#user for rabbit. example:openstack
RABBIT_USER=openstack
#Password for rabbit user .example:000000
RABBIT_PASS=000000
#--------------------MySQL Config---------------------##
#Password for MySQL root user . exmaple:000000
DB_PASS=000000
#--------------------Keystone Config------------------##
#Password for Keystore admin user. exmaple:000000
DOMAIN_NAME=demo
ADMIN_PASS=000000
DEMO_PASS=000000
#Password for Mysql keystore user. exmaple:000000
KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000
#--------------------Glance Config--------------------##
#Password for Mysql glance user. exmaple:000000
GLANCE_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore glance user. exmaple:000000
GLANCE_PASS=000000
#--------------------Nova Config----------------------##
#Password for Mysql nova user. exmaple:000000
NOVA_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore nova user. exmaple:000000
NOVA_PASS=000000
#--------------------Neturon Config-------------------##
#Password for Mysql neutron user. exmaple:000000
NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore neutron user. exmaple:000000
NEUTRON_PASS=000000
#metadata secret for neutron. exmaple:000000
METADATA_SECRET=000000
#Tunnel Network Interface. example:x.x.x.x
INTERFACE_IP=192.168.157.31
#External Network Interface. example:eth1
INTERFACE_NAME=eth37
#External Network The Physical Adapter. example:provider
Physical_NAME=provider
#First Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. exmaple:101
minvlan=101
#Last Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. example:200
maxvlan=200
#--------------------Cinder Config--------------------##
#Password for Mysql cinder user. exmaple:000000
CINDER_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore cinder user. exmaple:000000
CINDER_PASS=000000
#Cinder Block Disk. example:md126p3
BLOCK_DISK=sdb1
#--------------------Swift Config---------------------##
#Password for Keystore swift user. exmaple:000000
SWIFT_PASS=000000
#The NODE Object Disk for Swift. example:md126p4.
OBJECT_DISK=sdb2
#The NODE IP for Swift Storage Network. example:x.x.x.x.
STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.157.31
#--------------------Heat Config----------------------##
#Password for Mysql heat user. exmaple:000000
HEAT_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore heat user. exmaple:000000
HEAT_PASS=000000
#--------------------Zun Config-----------------------##
#Password for Mysql Zun user. exmaple:000000
ZUN_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Zun user. exmaple:000000
ZUN_PASS=000000
#Password for Mysql Kuryr user. exmaple:000000
KURYR_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Kuryr user. exmaple:000000
KURYR_PASS=000000
#--------------------Ceilometer Config----------------##
#Password for Gnocchi ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
CEILOMETER_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
CEILOMETER_PASS=000000
#--------------------AODH Config----------------##
#Password for Mysql AODH user. exmaple:000000
AODH_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore AODH user. exmaple:000000
AODH_PASS=000000
#--------------------Barbican Config----------------##
#Password for Mysql Barbican user. exmaple:000000
BARBICAN_DBPASS=000000
#Password for Keystore Barbican user. exmaple:000000
BARBICAN_PASS=000000
[root@compute ~]# source /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
3.安装 openstack 包
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点执行 iaas-pre-host.sh 文件(不需要重启云主机)。
在 controller 节点请将 openstack --version 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack --version
openstack 3.14.3
解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
[root@compute ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
4. 搭建数据库组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-mysql.sh 脚本，会自行安装 mariadb、memcached、
rabbitmq 等服务和完成相关配置。执行完成后修改配置文件将缓存 CACHESIZE 修改为 128,
并重启相应服务。
请将 ps aux|grep memcached 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# ps aux|grep memcached
memcach+ 15901 0.1 0.0 443040 2164 ? Ssl 09:15 0:00 /usr/bin/memcached -p 11211 -u memcached -m 128 -c 1024 -l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller
root 15919 0.0 0.0 112704 960 pts/0 S+ 09:15 0:00 grep --color=auto memcached
解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-mysql.sh
[root@controller ~]# rpm -qc memcached
/etc/sysconfig/memcached
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="128"
OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart memcached
5.搭建认证服务组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-keystone.sh 脚本，会自行安装 keystone 服务和完成相
关配置。使用 openstack 命令，创建一个名为 tom 的账户，密码为 tompassword123,邮箱为
tom@example.com。
请将 openstack user list 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack user list
+----------------------------------+-------+
| ID | Name |
+----------------------------------+-------+
| 0a22a2d4f3964cfbbbd6474dc92cca01 | admin |
| 196d426492be403b8fbaa4b0c0f8e2a9 | tom |
| 314971684b4d4345b5aa43b2dd55339f | demo |
+----------------------------------+-------+
解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-keystone.sh
[root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create tom --password tompassword123 --email tom@example.com --domain demo
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | ed6f7dc2006d4010bd9194ebc576d9e9 |
| email | tom@example.com |
| enabled | True |
| id | 196d426492be403b8fbaa4b0c0f8e2a9 |
| name | tom |
| options | {
} |
| password_expires_at | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
6.搭建镜像服务组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-glance.sh 脚本，会自行安装 glance 服务和完成相关
配 置 。 完 成 后 使 用 openstack 命 令 , 创 建 一 个 名 为 cirros 的 镜 像 ， 镜 像 文 件 使 用
cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img。
请将 openstack image show cirros 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack image show cirros
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | 443b7623e27ecf03dc9e01ee93f67afe |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2023-03-13T13:29:50Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| file | /v2/images/4219d1cb-5238-4720-a7be-167f9b158a9b/file |
| id | 4219d1cb-5238-4720-a7be-167f9b158a9b |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros |
| owner | 1a99aaa6a1024d84a00a779c4d186b44 |
| protected | False |
| schema | /v2/schemas/image |
| size | 12716032 |
| status | active |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2023-03-13T13:29:50Z |
| virtual_size | None |
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