roles(难点)
1、介绍
roles(⻆⾊): 就是通过分别将variables, tasks及handlers等放置于单独的⽬录中,并可以便捷地调⽤它们的⼀种机制。假设我们要写⼀个playbook来安装管理lamp环境，那么这个playbook就会写很⻓。所以我们希望把这个很⼤的⽂件分成多个功能拆分, 分成apache管理,php管理,mysql管理，然后在需要使⽤的时候直接调⽤就可以了，以免重复写。就类似编程⾥的模块化的概念，以
2、创建roles的目录结构
files：⽤来存放由copy模块或script模块调用的⽂件。
tasks：⾄少有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各tasks。
handlers:有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各handlers。
templates：⽤来存放jinjia2模板。
vars：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义变量。
meta：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义此⻆⾊的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
注意: 在每个⻆⾊的目录中分别创建files,tasks,handlers,templates,vars和meta目录，用不到的目录可以创建为空目录。
3、通过roles实现lamp（需定制三个角色: httpd,mysql,php）
第1步: 创建roles目录及文件,并确认目录结构
[root@m0 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@m0 roles]#mkdir -p {httpd,mysql,php}/{files,tasks,handlers,templates,vars,meta}
[root@m0 roles]#touch {httpd,mysql,php}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}/main.yml
[root@m0 ~]#yum install tree -y
[root@m0 ~]#mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd
[root@m0 ~]#tree /etc/ansible/roles/
/etc/ansible/roles/
├── httpd
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
└── main.yml
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
└── vars
└── main.yml
第2步: 准备httpd服务器的主⻚⽂件,php测试⻚和配置文件等
[root@m0 ~]#echo "test main page" > /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/index.html
[root@m0 ~]#echo -e "<?php\n\tphpinfo();\n?>" > /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/test.php
按需求修改配置⽂件后,拷⻉到httpd⻆⾊⽬录⾥的files⼦⽬录
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@m0 ~]#cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/
第3步: 编写httpd角色的main.yml文件
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: 安装httpd
yum: name=httpd,httpd-devel state=present
- name: 同步httpd配置⽂件
copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: 同步主⻚⽂件
copy:
src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/index.html dest=/var/www/html/index.html
- name: 同步php测试⻚
copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/httpd/files/test.php dest=/var/www/html/test.php
- name: 启动httpd并开机⾃启动
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
第4步: 编写httpd角色里的handler
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/handlers/main.yml
---
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
第5步: 编写mysql⻆⾊的main.yml文件
---
- name: 安装mysql
yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=present
- name: 启动mysql并开机⾃启动
service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes
第6步: 编写php⻆⾊的main.yml文件
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/ansible/roles/php/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: 安装php及依赖包
yum: name=php,php-gd,php-ldap,php-odbc,phppear,php-xml,php-xmlrpc,php-mbstring,php-smp,phpsoap,curl,curl-devel,php-bcmath,php-mysql state=present
notify: restart httpd
第7步:编写lnmp的playbook文件调用前面定义好的三个角色
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/ansible/playbook/lamp.yaml
---
- hosts: group1
remote_user: root
roles:
- httpd
- mysql
- php
第8步: 安装mariadb，命令行形式创建数据库和表
[root@m0 ~]#vim /etc/ansible/playbook/lamp.yaml
---
- hosts: group1
remote_user: root
roles:
- httpd
- mysql
- php
第9步: 执行lnmp的playbook⽂件
[root@m0 ~]#ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/lamp.yaml
练习：请使⽤role来实现lnmp
1、nginx端口修改为8080
[root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
---
- hosts: s
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 卸载httpd
yum: name=httpd state=absent
- name: 安装nginx
yum: name=nginx state=present
- name: 修改资源文件
shell: echo 'i am nginx,port is 80' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
- name: 修改端口
command: sed -i '/listen/ s/80/8080/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify:
- restart nginx
- name: 启动服务
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart nginx
service: name=nginx state=restarted
[root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
[root@m0 ~]# yum -y remove *mariadb*
[root@m0 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@m0 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server.x86_64
[root@m0 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-devel.x86_64
[root@m0 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@m0 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
2、mariadb中创建eleme数据库
[root@m0 ~]# mysql <<EOF
> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
> use eleme;
> create table user(id int primary key auto_increment,username varchar(45) not null,password varchar(45) not null,remark varchar(45));
> quit
> EOF
[root@m0 ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| eleme |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> use eleme;
Database changed
MariaDB [eleme]> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_eleme |
+-----------------+
| user |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@m0 ~]#cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@m0 roles]#ls
mysql nginx
3、将nginx下的之前生成的roles目录及文件拷贝到mariabd下
[root@m0 roles]#cp -r nginx/ mariabd
[root@m0 roles]#ls
mysql nginx mariabd
[root@m0 ~]#cd mariabd
[root@m0 mariabd]#vim tasks/main.yml
---
- name: 卸载 mariadb
yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=absent
- name: 安装mariadb
yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=present
- name: 启动mariadb服务
service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes
- name: 执行脚本，创建数据库和数据表
script: /etc/ansible/script/dbtable.sh
[root@m0 ~]#cd /etc/ansible/
[root@ansible ~]#ls
[root@ansible ~]#mkdir script
[root@m0 ~]#cd script
3、编写脚本，创建创建表 t_user
[root@m0 script]#vim dbtable.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql << EOF
create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
use eleme;
create table t_user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(45) not null,
password varchar(45) not null,
remark varchar(45)
);
quit
EOF
5、运行剧本
[root@m0 script]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test003.yml
---
- hosts: s
remote_user: root
roles:
- mariadb
[root@1 script]# cd /etc/ansible/playbook/
[root@1 playbook]# ansible-playbook test003.yml
饿了么后端的登录模块
1、数据库服务器：
1）基于gtids事务性的主从复制实现数据库的高可用；
# 主服务器（192.168.2.206）的基础配置
[root@s1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql_master.sh
soft
[root@s1 ~]# source mysql_master.sh
tar name:mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
anaconda-ks.cfg
mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql_master.sh
soft
directory:mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
2024-08-20T07:23:58.298348Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: /wfjS!NrR1)Z
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err'.
SUCCESS!
sign initialize password:/wfjS!NrR1)Z
[root@s1 ~]#cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf //查看配置文件(基于gtids模式)
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
gtid-mode=on
log-slave-updates=1
enforce-gtid-consistency
[root@s1 ~]# mysql -proot //启动主的mysql服务
mysql> create user 'slave0'@'%' identified by 'slave0'; //创建一个slave0用户，%表示在每个主机上都可以使用slave登录到该主机上
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave0'@'%'; //将所有的数据库的所有表的replication slave操作权限给到slave0用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges; //重新加载权限表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create user 'slave1'@'%' identified by 'slave1'; //创建一个slave1用户，%表示在每个主机上都可以使用slave登录到该主机上
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave1'@''%'; //将所有的数据库的所有表的replication slave操作权限给到slave0用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @@global.read_only=ON; //配置只读模式（因为是基于gtids模式的主从复制）
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@s1 ~]# service mysql57 stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
做同步：
[root@s1 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@s1 ~]# yum -y install rsync //将主服务器的data文件同步到从服务器上
[root@s1 ~]# yum list installed|grep rsync
rsync.x86_64 3.1.2-12.el7_9 @updates
[root@s1 ~]# rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@192.168.2.176:/usr/local/mysql/
# 从服务器（192.168.2.207）的配置
[root@m0 ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql57.tar.gz
[root@m0 ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@m0 ~]# cp -r mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/
[root@m0 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin include LICENSE README support-files
docs lib man share
[root@m0 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
[root@m0 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@m0 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
[root@m0 ~]# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
[root@m0 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57
[root@m0 ~]# chkconfig --add mysql57
[root@m0 ~]# chkconfig mysql57 on
[root@m0 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf //查看配置文件(基于gtids模式)
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
gtid-mode=on
log-slave-updates=1
enforce-gtid-consistency
skip-slave-start
[root@m0 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
[root@m0 ~]# sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile
[root@m0 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@m0 ~]# service mysql57 start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/m0.err'.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/m0.pid). //此时启动失败，无data文件
[root@m0 ~]# yum -y install rsync
[root@m0 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data
auto.cnf ib_logfile0
binlog.000001 ib_logfile1
binlog.000002 ibtmp1
binlog.index mysql
ca-key.pem performance_schema
ca.pem private_key.pem
client-cert.pem public_key.pem
client-key.pem s1.pid
db01-master.err server-cert.pem
ib_buffer_pool server-key.pem
ibdata1 sys
[root@m0 ~]# service mysql57 start //启动从服务器，密码跟主服务器一致
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@m0 ~]# mysql -P3310 -proot
# 主从复制的实现
主服务器：
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database if not exists abc charset utf8;
ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
mysql> show master status; //显示主服务器当前二进制日志的状态信息,
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 194 | | | 29bcc498-5ec5-11ef-a93f-000c2927b393:1-11 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
File：当前正在写入的二进制日志文件的名称。
Position：当前写入的位置（偏移量）在二进制日志文件中的位置。
从服务器：
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -P3310 -proot //登录到从的数据库中
mysql> set @@global.read_only=ON; //配置只读模式（因为是基于gtids模式的主从复制）
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.2.206', //指定主服务器的主机地址
-> master_user='slave0', //指定用于连接主服务器进行复制的用户名
-> master_password='slave0', //指定对应的密码
-> master_port=3306, //指定主服务器的端口
-> master_log_file='binlog.000003', //指定从哪个二进制日志文件开始复制
-> master_log_pos=194; //指定在指定的二进制日志文件中的起始位置
-> master_auto_position=1; //基于gtids模式的主从复制
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G //查看主从是否同步
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.57
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1178
Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 323
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
# 在主mysql中添加eleme数据库设置为utf8mb4、添加表t_user、添加2行记录
[root@s1~]# mysql -p'root'
mysql> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| eleme |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table eleme.t_user(
-> id int not null primary key,
-> name varchar(32) not null,
-> username varchar(32) not null,
-> password varchar(32) not null,
-> remark varchar(32) not null
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc eleme.t_user;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| username | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| remark | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into eleme.t_user values(1,'超级管理员','admin','admin','超级管理员'),(2,'普通用户','guest','guest','普通用户');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from eleme.t_user;
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| id | name | username | password | remark |
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| 1 | 超级管理员 | admin | admin | 超级管理员 |
| 2 | 普通用户 | guest | guest | 普通用户 |
+----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)基于mycat读写分离（需要jdk环境的支持）实现数据库的负载均衡：
# 设置防火墙规则
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 下载并安装jdk、mycat
[root@mycat ~]# tar -xf jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@mycat ~]# tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
[root@mycat ~]# cp -r jdk1.8.0_192/ /usr/local/jdk
[root@mycat ~]# cp -r mycat/ /usr/local/
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/jdk/
bin lib src.zip
COPYRIGHT LICENSE THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
include man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
javafx-src.zip README.html
jre release
# 添加环境变量
[root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk' /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# $JAVA_HOME
-bash: /usr/local/jdk: 是一个目录
[root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# $PATH
-bash: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@mycat ~]# javac -version
javac 1.8.0_192
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
[root@mycat ~]# ll /usr/local/mycat/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 190 8月 15 15:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 catlet
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 logs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 219 8月 15 15:19 version.txt
# 修改mycat的两个配置文件
[root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat
[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
# user标签设置对外的账号和密码，以及数据库名称， 如果只是代理⼀个主从，就注释其他的user标签
<user name="hj" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">hj</property>
<property name="schemas">eleme</property>
<!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
<!--
<privileges check="false">
<schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
<table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
<table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
</schema>
</privileges>
-->
</user>
<!--
<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
<property name="readOnly">true</property>
</user>
-->
[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="eleme" dataNode="dn1" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"></schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="eleme" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.2.206:3306" user="hj" password="hj">
<readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.2.207:3310" user="hj" password="hj" />
<readHost host="hostS3" url="192.168.2.207:3310" user="hj" password="hj" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
# 启动mycat服务
[root@mycat ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@mycat ~]# netstat -lnput | grep 8066
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 1336/java
注意!!!：
(1)如果出现启动异常，8806端口没有打开，可以检查两个日志文件
vim /usr/local/mycat/logs/wrapper.log
vim /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.log
(2)nginx、lvs和haproxy 都是负载均衡软件，但它们分不清什么数据库能读、什么数据库能写，master可读可写，而slave只能读，因此选择mycat实现数据库负载均衡。
2、后端服务器配置
1)配置两台java后端服务器 java01(192.168.2.11) java02(192.168.2.12)
# 添加环境变量
[root@java01 ~]#vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME
# 使用jar包启动后端java服务器
[root@java01 ~]#vim application.yml
# 修改application.yml文件，修改yml中的端口或数据源(port默认8080)
url：jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.206:8066/eleme
username: hj
password: hj
[root@java01 ~]#java -jar eleme_server-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[root@java01 ~]#nohup java -jar element_server_server-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar& //后台运行
2)基于lvs的DR模式代理java服务器
# ds主机 内网(dip为192.168.2.13) 外网(vip为192.168.2.14)
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.2.14 broadcast 192.168.2.14 netmask 255.255.255.255 up //挂载对外的vip192.168.2.14
route add vip dev ens33:0 //为vip添加路由
yum -y install ipvsadm //安装ipvsadm
ipvsadm -Ln //查看规则
ipvsadm -C //清空之前的规则
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.2.14:8080 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.14:8080 -r 192.168.2.11 -g # -g:网关路由
ipvvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.14:8080 -r 192.168.2.12 -g
# rs主机，不需要指定端口
ifconfig lo:0 192.168.2.14 broadcast 192.168.2.14 netmask 255.255.255.255 up //挂载vip
route add 192.168.2.14 dev lo:0 //为vip 添加路由
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announc
扩展：部署nginx代理java服务器，负载均衡策略为轮询问，端⼝为80
4、测试：
# 打开java服务器的端口，端⼝8080，不关防⽕墙，在远程浏览器上测试，看其是否是动态的，数据库里存在账号密码即可登录
firewall-cmd --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
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