Web开发:基础Web开发的支持

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创建项目：

添加依赖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.18</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ktjiaoyu</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBootWeb</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>SpringBootWeb</name>
    <description>SpringBootWeb</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringBoot热部署支持(开发阶段使用)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加jst1标签库依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加jsp引擎依赖,Spring Boot内置tomcat没有这个依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Web开发依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Model准备：

package com.ktjiaoyu.crm.service;
import com.ktjiaoyu.crm.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
    public User login(String usrName, String usrPassword);
    public int addUser(User user);
    public int deleteUser(Long usrId);
    public int updateUser(User user);
    public User getUser(Long usrId);
    public List<User> findAllUsers();
}

创建控制器:

   @RequestMapping(value = "/getUser",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public User getUser(Long usrId){
        User user = userService.getUser(usrId);
       return user;
    }

Web测试的支持：

package com.ktjiaoyu.crm;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserControllerTest {
    @Resource
    private WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入 web 环境

    private MockMvc mockMvc; // 注入 MockMvc

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); // 初始化 MockMvc
    }

测试方法：

package com.ktjiaoyu.crm;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserControllerTest {
    @Resource
    private WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入 web 环境

    private MockMvc mockMvc; // 注入 MockMvc

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); // 初始化 MockMvc
    }
    //根据Id查询
    @Test
    public void testGetUser() throws Exception {
        String mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/2")) // 测试地址
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString(); // 返回响应主体内容
        System.out.println("Result==" + mvcResult);
    }
    //新增(post请求)
    @Test
    public void testAddUser() throws Exception {
        //构造请求参数
        final MultiValueMap<String , String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        params.add("usrName","SB");
        params.add("usrPassword","123456");
        params.add("usrRoleId","2");
        params.add("usrFlag","1");
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user").params(params))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());//打印响应结果
    }
}

热部署配置：在修改代码后，无需手动重启整个应用程序即可看到修改后的效果。例如，在 Java Web 开发中，对一个 Servlet 类进行了方法的修改，如果开启了热部署，无需重新启动 Tomcat 服务器，节省了从停止到重新启动服务器的等待时间，让开发者可以更快速地进行代码调试和验证。

总结：

大量减少了传统 Spring 项目中繁琐的 XML 配置文件。例如，在 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中，仅需简单几行配置就能完成如数据库连接、端口号修改等常见设置，如server.port = 8081可轻松更改应用的启动端口。

通过 Spring Initializr 可以轻松创建基于 Spring Boot 的 Web 项目，可根据需求选择 Web、Thymeleaf、JPA 等相关依赖，极大地简化了项目搭建的初始步骤。

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