CPU物理核及L1、L2、L3及缓存
CPU缓存
CPU 缓存是一种用于存储临时数据以提高计算机程序性能的内存层次结构。它通常分为三个层次：L1（一级）、L2（二级）和L3（三级）缓存。缓存大小是CPU的重要指标之一，并且缓存的结构和大小对CPU速度的影响非常大，CPU内缓存的运行频率极高，一般是同处理器同频运行，工作效率远远大于系统内存和硬盘。实际工作时，CPU经常需要重复读取同样的数据块，而缓存容量的增大能大幅提升CPU内部读取数据的命中率，不需要到内存或者硬盘上寻找，从而提升系统新能。
L1 Cache（一级缓存）
L1 缓存是距离处理器核心最近的缓存层，用于存储最常用的数据和指令。通常比较小，但速度非常快。
数据缓存（L1 DCache）
数据缓存存储处理器核心正在处理的数据，
指令缓存（L1 ICache）
指令缓存则存储处理器正在执行的指令。
L2 Cache（二级缓存）
L2 缓存位于 L1 缓存和主内存之间，用于存储更多的数据和指令，以便在 L1 缓存未命中时提供更多的备份。比 L1 大，速度较快但比 L1 缓存慢。
L3 Cache（三级缓存）
L3 缓存是位于处理器核心之间的共享缓存，多个处理器核心可以共享相同的 L3 缓存。这有助于减少核心之间的数据传输时延。比 L2 大，通常比 L1 和 L2 慢一些。
CacheLine
缓存行（Cache Line）
缓存通常以固定大小的缓存行为单位进行管理。当 CPU 访问内存时，它不是一次性读取一个字节，而是一次性读取一整个缓存行。这有助于提高数据局部性，因为相邻的数据很可能在近期内被使用到。每次CPU从内存获取数据或者L2从L3获取数据，都是按照Cache Line大小读取的，即是只读取一个bit或者一个bytes，CPU也是读取一个Cache Line的大小，然后放到缓存里面存储。
缓存行（Cache Line）查看大小
#cat cpu0/cache/index0/coherency_line_size
64物理CPU
物理CPU( Physical Central Processing Unit)
中央处理单元，CPU不等于物理核，更不等于逻辑核,主板上真正安装的CPU的个数
查看物理CPU方法
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "physical id"|sort |uniq|wc -l
2
或
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort -u
physical id : 0
physical id : 1
或
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort -u | wc -l
2物理核
物理核(physical core/processor)
可以看的到的，真实的cpu核，有独立的电路元件以及L1,L2缓存，可以独立地执行指令。
查看物理核的方法
# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
cpu cores : 16
或
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
cpu cores : 16逻辑核
逻辑核( logical core/processor，LCPU)
在同一个物理核内，逻辑层面的核。（比喻，像动画片一样，我们看到的“动画”，其实是一帧一帧静态的画面，24帧/s连起来就骗过了人类的眼睛，看起来像动起来一样。逻辑核也一样，物理核通过高速运算，让应用程序以为有两个cpu在运算）。
查看逻辑核的方法
# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
64超线程
超线程( Hyper-threading， HT)
超线程可以在一个逻辑核等待指令执行的间隔(等待从cache或内存中获取下一条指令)，把时间片分配到另一个逻辑核。高速在这两个逻辑核之间切换，让应用程序感知不到这个间隔，误认为自己是独占了一个核。
判断是否开启超线程方法
多个逻辑CPU的"physical id"和"core id"均相同，说明开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 > 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数 -----》 开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 = 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数 -----》 没有开启超线程
物理核、逻辑核和超线程关系
一个CPU可以有多个物理核。如果开启了超线程，一个物理核可以分成n个逻辑核，n为超线程的数量。
总核数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数
总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数 X 超线程数
查看CPU信息
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6242 CPU @ 2.80GHz判断CPU是32还是64位运行模式
# getconf LONG_BIT
64物理CPU上面封装的逻辑处理器（即超线程后的CPU）个数
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep siblings
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
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siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
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siblings : 32
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siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
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siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32
siblings : 32 查看主板型号
# dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information"
System Information
Manufacturer: New H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
Product Name: UniServer R4900 G3
Version: To be filled by O.E.M.
Serial Number: xxxxx35A2CT6215F0012D
UUID: xxxx5-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: 0
Family: Rack
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: H3C
Product Name:xxxxx
Version: xxxxxx
Serial Number: xxxxxx
Asset Tag: To be filled by O.E.M.查看cpu信息
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 64
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-63
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 16
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 85
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6242 CPU @ 2.80GHz
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 1199.781
CPU max MHz: 3900.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS: 5600.00
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 1024K
L3 cache: 22528K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15,32-47
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 16-31,48-63
Flags: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
查看CPU缓存信息
# lscpu | grep "L1d" -A3
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 1024K
L3 cache: 22528KCPU的TBL
虚拟内存
在用户的空间里，每个进程都有自己独立的地址空间，每个进程都有完全独立的4GB虚拟内存，它们看到的都是操作系统虚拟出来的地址空间。但是，虚拟地址最终是要映射到实际内存的物理地址上进行操作的。系统会通过页表机制来实现进程的虚拟地址到物理地址的映射。
页表管理
页表管理主要有页大小和页表级数
获取页大小指令
# getconf PAGESIZE
4096
表示4KB
页表级数
页表级数越少，虚拟地址到物理地址的映射越快，但是需要管理的页表项也越多，能支持的地址空间有限，反之页表级数越多，需要存储的页表数据越少，能支持的地址空间越大，但是虚拟地址到物理地址的映射会越慢。
32位系统一般采用2级页表，32位地址空间，目前主流的一般都是采用4级页表，支持48位地址空间
PGD(Page Global Directory)：页全局目录，管理地址空间的第39~47位
PUD(Page Upper Directory)：页上级目录，管理地址空间的第30~38位
PMD(Page Middle Directory)：页中间目录，管理地址空间第21~29位
PTE(Page Table Entry)：页表项，管理地址空间的第12~20位
页表机制存在的问题
在访问一个虚拟地址上的变量值之前，需要将虚拟地址映射为物理地址，每一级的页表都是存储在内存中的，在完成一个虚拟地址转换的过程中，需要将当前虚拟地址对应的四个页表全部找出，才能完成虚拟地址到物理地址的转化，这就表示一次内存IO进虚拟地址到物理地址的转化就需要去内存查4次页表，在这种情况下就引入了TBL缓存
TBL（Translation Lookaside BUffer）
用于加快虚拟地址到物理地址转换速度的缓存，访问速度和寄存器访问差不多，比CPU的L1缓存访问还快。
查看系统TLB缓存大小指令
cpuid
如果不存在ubuntu可以通过apt install cpuid安装
CPU 0:
vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
version information (1/eax):
processor type = primary processor (0)
family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
model = 0xc (12)
stepping id = 0x3 (3)
extended family = 0x0 (0)
extended model = 0x3 (3)
(simple synth) = Intel Core i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / Mobile Core i5-4000 / Mobile Core i7-4000 / Pentium G3000 / Celeron G1800 / Mobile Pentium 3500U / Mobile Celeron 2900U / Xeon E3-1200 v3 (Mobile M) (Haswell), 22nm
miscellaneous (1/ebx):
process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0)
cpu count = 0x1 (1)
CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8)
brand index = 0x0 (0)
brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
feature information (1/edx):
x87 FPU on chip = true
virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true
debugging extensions = true
page size extensions = true
time stamp counter = true
RDMSR and WRMSR support = true
physical address extensions = true
machine check exception = true
CMPXCHG8B inst. = true
APIC on chip = true
SYSENTER and SYSEXIT = true
memory type range registers = true
PTE global bit = true
machine check architecture = true
conditional move/compare instruction = true
page attribute table = true
page size extension = true
processor serial number = false
CLFLUSH instruction = true
debug store = false
thermal monitor and clock ctrl = false
MMX Technology = true
FXSAVE/FXRSTOR = true
SSE extensions = true
SSE2 extensions = true
self snoop = true
hyper-threading / multi-core supported = false
therm. monitor = false
IA64 = false
pending break event = false
feature information (1/ecx):
PNI/SSE3: Prescott New Instructions = true
PCLMULDQ instruction = true
64-bit debug store = false
MONITOR/MWAIT = false
CPL-qualified debug store = false
VMX: virtual machine extensions = true
SMX: safer mode extensions = false
Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology = false
thermal monitor 2 = false
SSSE3 extensions = true
context ID: adaptive or shared L1 data = false
FMA instruction = true
CMPXCHG16B instruction = true
xTPR disable = false
perfmon and debug = false
process context identifiers = true
direct cache access = false
SSE4.1 extensions = true
SSE4.2 extensions = true
extended xAPIC support = true
MOVBE instruction = true
POPCNT instruction = true
time stamp counter deadline = true
AES instruction = true
XSAVE/XSTOR states = true
OS-enabled XSAVE/XSTOR = true
AVX: advanced vector extensions = true
F16C half-precision convert instruction = true
RDRAND instruction = true
hypervisor guest status = true
cache and TLB information (2):
0x63: data TLB: 1G pages, 4-way, 4 entries
0x03: data TLB: 4K pages, 4-way, 64 entries
0x76: instruction TLB: 2M/4M pages, fully, 8 entries
0xff: cache data is in CPUID 4
0xb5: instruction TLB: 4K, 8-way, 64 entries
0xf0: 64 byte prefetching
0xc1: L2 TLB: 4K/2M pages, 8-way, 1024 entries
processor serial number: 0003-06C3-0000-0000-0000-0000
deterministic cache parameters (4):
--- cache 0 ---
cache type = data cache (1)
cache level = 0x1 (1)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 63
--- cache 1 ---
cache type = instruction cache (2)
cache level = 0x1 (1)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 63
--- cache 2 ---
cache type = unified cache (3)
cache level = 0x2 (2)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 511
--- cache 3 ---
cache type = unified cache (3)
cache level = 0x3 (3)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0xf (15)
ways of associativity = 0x6 (6)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = true
complex cache indexing = true
number of sets - 1 (s) = 8191
MONITOR/MWAIT (5):
smallest monitor-line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
largest monitor-line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
enum of Monitor-MWAIT exts supported = false
supports intrs as break-event for MWAIT = false
number of C0 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C1 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C2 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C3 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C4 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C5 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C6 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C7 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
Thermal and Power Management Features (6):
digital thermometer = false
Intel Turbo Boost Technology = false
ARAT always running APIC timer = true
PLN power limit notification = false
ECMD extended clock modulation duty = false
PTM package thermal management = false
HWP base registers = false
HWP notification = false
HWP activity window = false
HWP energy performance preference = false
HWP package level request = false
HDC base registers = false
digital thermometer thresholds = 0x0 (0)
ACNT/MCNT supported performance measure = false
ACNT2 available = false
performance-energy bias capability = false
extended feature flags (7):
FSGSBASE instructions = true
IA32_TSC_ADJUST MSR supported = true
SGX: Software Guard Extensions supported = false
BMI instruction = true
HLE hardware lock elision = false
AVX2: advanced vector extensions 2 = true
FDP_EXCPTN_ONLY = false
SMEP supervisor mode exec protection = true
BMI2 instructions = true
enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB = true
INVPCID instruction = true
RTM: restricted transactional memory = false
QM: quality of service monitoring = false
deprecated FPU CS/DS = true
intel memory protection extensions = false
PQE: platform quality of service enforce = false
AVX512F: AVX-512 foundation instructions = false
AVX512DQ: double & quadword instructions = false
RDSEED instruction = false
ADX instructions = false
SMAP: supervisor mode access prevention = false
AVX512IFMA: fused multiply add = false
CLFLUSHOPT instruction = false
CLWB instruction = false
Intel processor trace = false
AVX512PF: prefetch instructions = false
AVX512ER: exponent & reciprocal instrs = false
AVX512CD: conflict detection instrs = false
SHA instructions = false
AVX512BW: byte & word instructions = false
AVX512VL: vector length = false
PREFETCHWT1 = false
AVX512VBMI: vector byte manipulation = false
UMIP: user-mode instruction prevention = false
PKU protection keys for user-mode = false
OSPKE CR4.PKE and RDPKRU/WRPKRU = false
BNDLDX/BNDSTX MAWAU value in 64-bit mode = 0x0 (0)
RDPID: read processor D supported = false
SGX_LC: SGX launch config supported = false
AVX512_4VNNIW: neural network instrs = false
AVX512_4FMAPS: multiply acc single prec = false
Direct Cache Access Parameters (9):
PLATFORM_DCA_CAP MSR bits = 0
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/eax):
version ID = 0x1 (1)
number of counters per logical processor = 0x4 (4)
bit width of counter = 0x30 (48)
length of EBX bit vector = 0x7 (7)
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/ebx):
core cycle event not available = true
instruction retired event not available = true
reference cycles event not available = true
last-level cache ref event not available = true
last-level cache miss event not avail = true
branch inst retired event not available = true
branch mispred retired event not avail = true
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/edx):
number of fixed counters = 0x0 (0)
bit width of fixed counters = 0x0 (0)
x2APIC features / processor topology (0xb):
--- level 0 (thread) ---
bits to shift APIC ID to get next = 0x0 (0)
logical processors at this level = 0x1 (1)
level number = 0x0 (0)
level type = thread (1)
extended APIC ID = 0
--- level 1 (core) ---
bits to shift APIC ID to get next = 0x0 (0)
logical processors at this level = 0x1 (1)
level number = 0x1 (1)
level type = core (2)
extended APIC ID = 0
XSAVE features (0xd/0):
XCR0 lower 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000007
XCR0 upper 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
XCR0 supported: x87 state = true
XCR0 supported: SSE state = true
XCR0 supported: AVX state = true
XCR0 supported: MPX BNDREGS = false
XCR0 supported: MPX BNDCSR = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 opmask = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 ZMM_Hi256 = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 Hi16_ZMM = false
IA32_XSS supported: PT state = false
XCR0 supported: PKRU state = false
bytes required by fields in XCR0 = 0x00000340 (832)
bytes required by XSAVE/XRSTOR area = 0x00000340 (832)
XSAVE features (0xd/1):
XSAVEOPT instruction = true
XSAVEC instruction = false
XGETBV instruction = false
XSAVES/XRSTORS instructions = false
SAVE area size in bytes = 0x00000000 (0)
IA32_XSS lower 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
IA32_XSS upper 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
AVX/YMM features (0xd/2):
AVX/YMM save state byte size = 0x00000100 (256)
AVX/YMM save state byte offset = 0x00000240 (576)
supported in IA32_XSS or XCR0 = XCR0 (user state)
64-byte alignment in compacted XSAVE = false
hypervisor_id = "VMwareVMware"
0x40000001 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000002 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000003 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000004 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000005 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000006 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000007 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000008 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000009 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000a 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000b 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000c 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000d 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000e 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000f 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
hypervisor generic timing information (0x40000010):
TSC frequency (Hz) = 3392143
bus frequency (Hz) = 66000
extended feature flags (0x80000001/edx):
SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions = true
execution disable = true
1-GB large page support = true
RDTSCP = true
64-bit extensions technology available = true
Intel feature flags (0x80000001/ecx):
LAHF/SAHF supported in 64-bit mode = true
LZCNT advanced bit manipulation = true
3DNow! PREFETCH/PREFETCHW instructions = false
brand = "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz"
L1 TLB/cache information: 2M/4M pages & L1 TLB (0x80000005/eax):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = 0x0 (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = 0x0 (0)
L1 TLB/cache information: 4K pages & L1 TLB (0x80000005/ebx):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = 0x0 (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = 0x0 (0)
L1 data cache information (0x80000005/ecx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 0x0 (0)
size (KB) = 0x0 (0)
L1 instruction cache information (0x80000005/edx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 0x0 (0)
size (KB) = 0x0 (0)
L2 TLB/cache information: 2M/4M pages & L2 TLB (0x80000006/eax):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = L2 off (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = L2 off (0)
L2 TLB/cache information: 4K pages & L2 TLB (0x80000006/ebx):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = L2 off (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = L2 off (0)
L2 unified cache information (0x80000006/ecx):
line size (bytes) = 0x40 (64)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 8-way (6)
size (KB) = 0x100 (256)
L3 cache information (0x80000006/edx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = L2 off (0)
size (in 512KB units) = 0x0 (0)
Advanced Power Management Features (0x80000007/edx):
temperature sensing diode = false
frequency ID (FID) control = false
voltage ID (VID) control = false
thermal trip (TTP) = false
thermal monitor (TM) = false
software thermal control (STC) = false
100 MHz multiplier control = false
hardware P-State control = false
TscInvariant = true
Physical Address and Linear Address Size (0x80000008/eax):
maximum physical address bits = 0x2d (45)
maximum linear (virtual) address bits = 0x30 (48)
maximum guest physical address bits = 0x0 (0)
Logical CPU cores (0x80000008/ecx):
number of CPU cores - 1 = 0x0 (0)
ApicIdCoreIdSize = 0x0 (0)
(multi-processing synth): none
(multi-processing method): Intel leaf 0xb
(APIC widths synth): CORE_width=0 SMT_width=0
(APIC synth): PKG_ID=0 CORE_ID=0 SMT_ID=0
(synth) = Intel Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 (Haswell), 22nm
CPU 1:
vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
version information (1/eax):
processor type = primary processor (0)
family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
model = 0xc (12)
stepping id = 0x3 (3)
extended family = 0x0 (0)
extended model = 0x3 (3)
(simple synth) = Intel Core i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / Mobile Core i5-4000 / Mobile Core i7-4000 / Pentium G3000 / Celeron G1800 / Mobile Pentium 3500U / Mobile Celeron 2900U / Xeon E3-1200 v3 (Mobile M) (Haswell), 22nm
miscellaneous (1/ebx):
process local APIC physical ID = 0x2 (2)
cpu count = 0x1 (1)
CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8)
brand index = 0x0 (0)
brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
feature information (1/edx):
x87 FPU on chip = true
virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true
debugging extensions = true
page size extensions = true
time stamp counter = true
RDMSR and WRMSR support = true
physical address extensions = true
machine check exception = true
CMPXCHG8B inst. = true
APIC on chip = true
SYSENTER and SYSEXIT = true
memory type range registers = true
PTE global bit = true
machine check architecture = true
conditional move/compare instruction = true
page attribute table = true
page size extension = true
processor serial number = false
CLFLUSH instruction = true
debug store = false
thermal monitor and clock ctrl = false
MMX Technology = true
FXSAVE/FXRSTOR = true
SSE extensions = true
SSE2 extensions = true
self snoop = true
hyper-threading / multi-core supported = false
therm. monitor = false
IA64 = false
pending break event = false
feature information (1/ecx):
PNI/SSE3: Prescott New Instructions = true
PCLMULDQ instruction = true
64-bit debug store = false
MONITOR/MWAIT = false
CPL-qualified debug store = false
VMX: virtual machine extensions = true
SMX: safer mode extensions = false
Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology = false
thermal monitor 2 = false
SSSE3 extensions = true
context ID: adaptive or shared L1 data = false
FMA instruction = true
CMPXCHG16B instruction = true
xTPR disable = false
perfmon and debug = false
process context identifiers = true
direct cache access = false
SSE4.1 extensions = true
SSE4.2 extensions = true
extended xAPIC support = true
MOVBE instruction = true
POPCNT instruction = true
time stamp counter deadline = true
AES instruction = true
XSAVE/XSTOR states = true
OS-enabled XSAVE/XSTOR = true
AVX: advanced vector extensions = true
F16C half-precision convert instruction = true
RDRAND instruction = true
hypervisor guest status = true
cache and TLB information (2):
0x63: data TLB: 1G pages, 4-way, 4 entries
0x03: data TLB: 4K pages, 4-way, 64 entries
0x76: instruction TLB: 2M/4M pages, fully, 8 entries
0xff: cache data is in CPUID 4
0xb5: instruction TLB: 4K, 8-way, 64 entries
0xf0: 64 byte prefetching
0xc1: L2 TLB: 4K/2M pages, 8-way, 1024 entries
processor serial number: 0003-06C3-0000-0000-0000-0000
deterministic cache parameters (4):
--- cache 0 ---
cache type = data cache (1)
cache level = 0x1 (1)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 63
--- cache 1 ---
cache type = instruction cache (2)
cache level = 0x1 (1)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 63
--- cache 2 ---
cache type = unified cache (3)
cache level = 0x2 (2)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
ways of associativity = 0x0 (0)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 511
--- cache 3 ---
cache type = unified cache (3)
cache level = 0x3 (3)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x0 (0)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x0 (0)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0xf (15)
ways of associativity = 0x6 (6)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = true
complex cache indexing = true
number of sets - 1 (s) = 8191
MONITOR/MWAIT (5):
smallest monitor-line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
largest monitor-line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
enum of Monitor-MWAIT exts supported = false
supports intrs as break-event for MWAIT = false
number of C0 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C1 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C2 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C3 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C4 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C5 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C6 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
number of C7 sub C-states using MWAIT = 0x0 (0)
Thermal and Power Management Features (6):
digital thermometer = false
Intel Turbo Boost Technology = false
ARAT always running APIC timer = true
PLN power limit notification = false
ECMD extended clock modulation duty = false
PTM package thermal management = false
HWP base registers = false
HWP notification = false
HWP activity window = false
HWP energy performance preference = false
HWP package level request = false
HDC base registers = false
digital thermometer thresholds = 0x0 (0)
ACNT/MCNT supported performance measure = false
ACNT2 available = false
performance-energy bias capability = false
extended feature flags (7):
FSGSBASE instructions = true
IA32_TSC_ADJUST MSR supported = true
SGX: Software Guard Extensions supported = false
BMI instruction = true
HLE hardware lock elision = false
AVX2: advanced vector extensions 2 = true
FDP_EXCPTN_ONLY = false
SMEP supervisor mode exec protection = true
BMI2 instructions = true
enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB = true
INVPCID instruction = true
RTM: restricted transactional memory = false
QM: quality of service monitoring = false
deprecated FPU CS/DS = true
intel memory protection extensions = false
PQE: platform quality of service enforce = false
AVX512F: AVX-512 foundation instructions = false
AVX512DQ: double & quadword instructions = false
RDSEED instruction = false
ADX instructions = false
SMAP: supervisor mode access prevention = false
AVX512IFMA: fused multiply add = false
CLFLUSHOPT instruction = false
CLWB instruction = false
Intel processor trace = false
AVX512PF: prefetch instructions = false
AVX512ER: exponent & reciprocal instrs = false
AVX512CD: conflict detection instrs = false
SHA instructions = false
AVX512BW: byte & word instructions = false
AVX512VL: vector length = false
PREFETCHWT1 = false
AVX512VBMI: vector byte manipulation = false
UMIP: user-mode instruction prevention = false
PKU protection keys for user-mode = false
OSPKE CR4.PKE and RDPKRU/WRPKRU = false
BNDLDX/BNDSTX MAWAU value in 64-bit mode = 0x0 (0)
RDPID: read processor D supported = false
SGX_LC: SGX launch config supported = false
AVX512_4VNNIW: neural network instrs = false
AVX512_4FMAPS: multiply acc single prec = false
Direct Cache Access Parameters (9):
PLATFORM_DCA_CAP MSR bits = 0
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/eax):
version ID = 0x1 (1)
number of counters per logical processor = 0x4 (4)
bit width of counter = 0x30 (48)
length of EBX bit vector = 0x7 (7)
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/ebx):
core cycle event not available = true
instruction retired event not available = true
reference cycles event not available = true
last-level cache ref event not available = true
last-level cache miss event not avail = true
branch inst retired event not available = true
branch mispred retired event not avail = true
Architecture Performance Monitoring Features (0xa/edx):
number of fixed counters = 0x0 (0)
bit width of fixed counters = 0x0 (0)
x2APIC features / processor topology (0xb):
--- level 0 (thread) ---
bits to shift APIC ID to get next = 0x0 (0)
logical processors at this level = 0x1 (1)
level number = 0x0 (0)
level type = thread (1)
extended APIC ID = 2
--- level 1 (core) ---
bits to shift APIC ID to get next = 0x0 (0)
logical processors at this level = 0x1 (1)
level number = 0x1 (1)
level type = core (2)
extended APIC ID = 2
XSAVE features (0xd/0):
XCR0 lower 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000007
XCR0 upper 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
XCR0 supported: x87 state = true
XCR0 supported: SSE state = true
XCR0 supported: AVX state = true
XCR0 supported: MPX BNDREGS = false
XCR0 supported: MPX BNDCSR = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 opmask = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 ZMM_Hi256 = false
XCR0 supported: AVX-512 Hi16_ZMM = false
IA32_XSS supported: PT state = false
XCR0 supported: PKRU state = false
bytes required by fields in XCR0 = 0x00000340 (832)
bytes required by XSAVE/XRSTOR area = 0x00000340 (832)
XSAVE features (0xd/1):
XSAVEOPT instruction = true
XSAVEC instruction = false
XGETBV instruction = false
XSAVES/XRSTORS instructions = false
SAVE area size in bytes = 0x00000000 (0)
IA32_XSS lower 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
IA32_XSS upper 32 bits valid bit field mask = 0x00000000
AVX/YMM features (0xd/2):
AVX/YMM save state byte size = 0x00000100 (256)
AVX/YMM save state byte offset = 0x00000240 (576)
supported in IA32_XSS or XCR0 = XCR0 (user state)
64-byte alignment in compacted XSAVE = false
hypervisor_id = "VMwareVMware"
0x40000001 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000002 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000003 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000004 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000005 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000006 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000007 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000008 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x40000009 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000a 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000b 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000c 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000d 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000e 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
0x4000000f 0x00: eax=0x00000000 ebx=0x00000000 ecx=0x00000000 edx=0x00000000
hypervisor generic timing information (0x40000010):
TSC frequency (Hz) = 3392143
bus frequency (Hz) = 66000
extended feature flags (0x80000001/edx):
SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions = true
execution disable = true
1-GB large page support = true
RDTSCP = true
64-bit extensions technology available = true
Intel feature flags (0x80000001/ecx):
LAHF/SAHF supported in 64-bit mode = true
LZCNT advanced bit manipulation = true
3DNow! PREFETCH/PREFETCHW instructions = false
brand = "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz"
L1 TLB/cache information: 2M/4M pages & L1 TLB (0x80000005/eax):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = 0x0 (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = 0x0 (0)
L1 TLB/cache information: 4K pages & L1 TLB (0x80000005/ebx):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = 0x0 (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = 0x0 (0)
L1 data cache information (0x80000005/ecx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 0x0 (0)
size (KB) = 0x0 (0)
L1 instruction cache information (0x80000005/edx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 0x0 (0)
size (KB) = 0x0 (0)
L2 TLB/cache information: 2M/4M pages & L2 TLB (0x80000006/eax):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = L2 off (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = L2 off (0)
L2 TLB/cache information: 4K pages & L2 TLB (0x80000006/ebx):
instruction # entries = 0x0 (0)
instruction associativity = L2 off (0)
data # entries = 0x0 (0)
data associativity = L2 off (0)
L2 unified cache information (0x80000006/ecx):
line size (bytes) = 0x40 (64)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = 8-way (6)
size (KB) = 0x100 (256)
L3 cache information (0x80000006/edx):
line size (bytes) = 0x0 (0)
lines per tag = 0x0 (0)
associativity = L2 off (0)
size (in 512KB units) = 0x0 (0)
Advanced Power Management Features (0x80000007/edx):
temperature sensing diode = false
frequency ID (FID) control = false
voltage ID (VID) control = false
thermal trip (TTP) = false
thermal monitor (TM) = false
software thermal control (STC) = false
100 MHz multiplier control = false
hardware P-State control = false
TscInvariant = true
Physical Address and Linear Address Size (0x80000008/eax):
maximum physical address bits = 0x2d (45)
maximum linear (virtual) address bits = 0x30 (48)
maximum guest physical address bits = 0x0 (0)
Logical CPU cores (0x80000008/ecx):
number of CPU cores - 1 = 0x0 (0)
ApicIdCoreIdSize = 0x0 (0)
(multi-processing synth): none
(multi-processing method): Intel leaf 0xb
(APIC widths synth): CORE_width=0 SMT_width=0
(APIC synth): PKG_ID=2 CORE_ID=0 SMT_ID=0
(synth) = Intel Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 / Mobile Core i3-4000 / i5-4000 / i7-4000 (Haswell), 22nm
内容较多以下就是TBL
cache and TLB information (2):
0x63: data TLB: 1G pages, 4-way, 4 entries
0x03: data TLB: 4K pages, 4-way, 64 entries
0x76: instruction TLB: 2M/4M pages, fully, 8 entries
0xff: cache data is in CPUID 4
0xb5: instruction TLB: 4K, 8-way, 64 entries
0xf0: 64 byte prefetching
0xc1: L2 TLB: 4K/2M pages, 8-way, 1024 entriesCPU生成一个虚拟地址------>MMU从TBL获取页表，转化成物理地址----->MMU将物理地址发送给L1/L2/L3------>L1/L2/L3将地址对应数据返回给CPU
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