linux打开桌面软件(wps)、获取已打开的文件名（wps）

程序测试环境是：slackware系统，属于linux系统，有桌面。系统镜像是：slackware64-15.0-install-dvd.iso。c++代码实现。

编译命令是：

gcc -o main main.cpp -lstdc++ 

 如下是测试代码demo，您可根据注释摘取自己需要的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ranges>

// 打开默认软件
void open_wps(){
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if(pid == 0){
        const char* wpsCommand[] = {"vlc", nullptr};//wps（word）、et（excel）、wpspdf（pdf）、wpp（ppt）
        if(execvp(wpsCommand[0], (char* const*)wpsCommand) == -1){
            perror("failed to exec WPS");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }else if(pid > 0){
            std::cout << "in main process" << std::endl;
        }else{
            perror("fork failed");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
}

// 根据文件打开软件
void open_wps(const char* wpsType, const std::string& filePath) {
    // Check if the file exists
    if (access(filePath.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error: File does not exist." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    // Fork a child process
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error: Failed to fork." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    if (pid == 0) {
        // Child process
        char *argv[] = {(char *)wpsType, (char *)filePath.c_str(), nullptr};
        if (execvp(argv[0], argv) == -1) {
            std::cerr << "Error: Failed to execute command." << std::endl;
            _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    } else {
        // Parent process
    }
}

// 查找wps进程id
std::vector<int> find_wps_processes(){
    std::vector<int> wpsPids;
    DIR* dir{nullptr};
    struct dirent* ent;
    if((dir = opendir("/proc")) != nullptr){
        while((ent = readdir(dir)) != nullptr){
            if(isdigit(ent->d_name[0])){                
                std::string pidDir = "/proc/" + std::string(ent->d_name) + "/cmdline";                
                std::ifstream cmdlineFile(pidDir);
                std::string cmdline;
                std::getline(cmdlineFile, cmdline, '\0');
                std::cout << "pid info: " << pidDir << std::endl;
                std::cout << "cmdline: " << cmdline << std::endl;
                if(cmdline.find("wps") != std::string::npos || cmdline.find("wpp") != std::string::npos){
                    wpsPids.push_back(std::stoi(ent->d_name));
                }
            }
        }
        closedir(dir);
    }else{
        perror("could not open /proc directory");
    }
    return wpsPids;
}

std::string trim(const std::string& str) {
    size_t first = str.find_first_not_of(" \t\n\r\f\v"); // 查找第一个非空白字符的位置
    if (std::string::npos == first) {
        return ""; // 如果字符串全是空白字符，返回空字符串
    }
    size_t last = str.find_last_not_of(" \t\n\r\f\v"); // 查找最后一个非空白字符的位置
    return str.substr(first, (last - first + 1)); // 截取子串
}

// 打印已打开的文件信息
void print_opened_files(std::string type, int pid){
    std::string fdDir = "/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/fd";
    DIR* dir;
    struct dirent* ent;
    if((dir =opendir(fdDir.c_str())) != nullptr){
        while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != nullptr)
        {
            if(ent->d_name[0] != '.'){
                std::string linkTarget = fdDir + "/" + ent->d_name;
                char filePath[PATH_MAX] = {0};
                ssize_t len = readlink(linkTarget.c_str(), filePath, sizeof(filePath) - 1);
                if(len != 1 && std::string(filePath).find(".~") == std::string::npos){
                    if((type == "wps" && std::string(filePath).find(".docx") != std::string::npos) ||
                    (type == "et" && std::string(filePath).find(".xlsx") != std::string::npos) ||
                    (type == "wpspdf" && std::string(filePath).find(".pdf") != std::string::npos) || 
                    (type == "wpp" && std::string(filePath).find(".ppt") != std::string::npos)){
                        size_t pos = std::string(filePath).find_last_of("/");
                        std::string fileName = std::string(filePath).substr(pos+1);
                        std::cout << "pid: " << pid << " " << fileName << std::endl;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        closedir(dir);
    }else{
        perror("could not open directory");
    }
}

// 打印wps进程信息
void print_wps_print(){
    std::vector<int> wpsPids = find_wps_processes();
    for(int pid:wpsPids){
        std::cout << "wps process id:" << pid << std::endl;
        std::string statusPath = "/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/status";
        std::ifstream statusFile(statusPath);
        std::string line;
        while(std::getline(statusFile, line)){
            int pos = line.find("Name");
            if(pos != std::string::npos){
                std::string name = trim(line.substr(pos+5));
                std::cout << pid << ": " << name << std::endl;
                print_opened_files(name, pid);
                break;
            }            
        }
    }
}


int main(){
    open_wps();
    sleep(2);

    std::string wordFilePath = "/home/gaowb/Documents/开发记录.docx";
    std::string wordFilePath2 = "/home/gaowb/Documents/开发记录2.docx";
    std::string excelFilePath = "/home/gaowb/Documents/C++西安计划安排-2.xlsx";
    std::string pdfFilePath = "/home/gaowb/Documents/slackware中文手册.pdf";

    // Open Word document
    open_wps("wps", wordFilePath);
    open_wps("wps", wordFilePath2);
    sleep(2);

    // Open Excel spreadsheet
    open_wps("et", excelFilePath);
    sleep(2);

    // Open PDF document
    open_wps("wpspdf", pdfFilePath);
    sleep(2);

    print_wps_print();
    return 0;
}

代码需要说明的有如下几点：

1、wps在slackware 中安装好后，可以打开word、pdf、execl、ppt，他们分别对应的可执行文件是wps、wpspdf、et、wpp。

2、打开多个相同类型的文件，比如word，一般只有一个进程，以及一个软件界面，用多个tab页来显示多个文件。

3、代码逻辑有些随意，主要是用于测试。