五.海量数据实时分析-FlinkCDC+DorisConnector实现数据的全量增量同步

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前言

前面四篇文字都在学习Doris的理论知识，也是比较枯燥，当然Doris的理论知识还很多，我们后面慢慢学，本篇文章我们尝试使用SpringBoot来整合Doris完成基本的CRUD。

由于 Doris 高度兼容 Mysql 协议，两者在 SQL 语法方面有着比较强的一致性，另外 Mysql 客户端也是 Doris 官方选择的客户端。因此，如需对 Mysql 进行数据分析，使用 Doris 的迁移成本较低。但是对于数据规模特别大的情况下Mysql的方式还是不太建议的,所以这里还会介绍一种方式就是通过CDC+DorisConnector

一.整合Mybatis操作Doris

1.准备数据库

CREATE TABLE `doris_test` (
   `id` int NULL COMMENT "id",
   `price` decimal(10,2) NULL COMMENT "价格",
   `title` varchar(20)NULL COMMENT "标题"
 ) ENGINE=OLAP
 DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
 DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1
 PROPERTIES (
 "replication_num" = "1"
 );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

2.搭建SpringBoot项目

第一步：创建SpringBoot项目，导入依赖，主要是Mybatis相关的依赖

<properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--如果要用传统的xml或properties配置，则需要添加此依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--mybatisplus持久层依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.70</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.23</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3.整合Mybatis

创建好启动类，实体类，服务层，持久层，SQL映射文件等，这里和我们操作Mysql没有任何区别.

启动类如下，通过 @MapperScan 来扫描Mapper接口

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(basePackages = "cn.whale.mapper")
public class DorisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DorisApplication.class,args);
    }
}

服务层和持久层代码如下 , 省略了部分代码

@Service
public class DorisServiceImpl implements DorisService {

    @Autowired
    DorisMapper dorisMapper;

    @Override
    public List<Order> listDoris() {
        return dorisMapper.listDoris();
    }

    @Override
    public int add(Order order) {
        return dorisMapper.add(order);
    }
}


public interface DorisMapper {

   List<Order> listDoris();

   int add(Order order);

}

下面是sql映射文件，和操作数据库没有任何区别

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="cn.whale.mapper.DorisMapper">

    <select id="listDoris" resultType="cn.whale.domain.Order">
        select id,price,title from orders
    </select>

    <insert id="add" parameterType="cn.whale.domain.Order">
        INSERT INTO orders(id,price,title) VALUES(#{id},#{price},#{title})
    </insert>
</mapper>

4.编写配置文件

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  #Doris数据库连接配置
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.220.253:9030/app_db?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    initial-size: 500
    min-idle: 500
    max-active: 500

#mybatis的相关配置
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.wudl.doris.domain.DorisTest

5.编写测试类

注入Service，完成查询和添加的测试

package cn.whale.service;

import cn.whale.DorisApplication;
import cn.whale.domain.Order;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes= DorisApplication.class)
public class DorisServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private DorisService dorisService;

    @Test
    public void listDoris() {
        List<Order> orders = dorisService.listDoris();
        orders.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
    }


    @Test
    public void addDoris() throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 100 ; i>0 ; i--){
            Order order = new Order();
            order.setId(Long.valueOf(i));
            order.setPrice(new BigDecimal(i));
            order.setTitle(i+"元");
            dorisService.add(order);
        }
        Thread.sleep(100000);
    }
}

二.SpringBoot整合FlinkCDC+doris-connector实时同步

上面通过Mysql客户端的方式来进行数据的同步方式虽然使用起来比较简单，但是不适合大量数据的实时同步，性能不是很好。Doris官方提供了doris-connector进行Doris读写，那么我们可以通过FlinkCDC监听Mysql数据变更，然后同步到SpringBoot项目中，对数据进行处理后，然后通过doris-connector同步到Doris。虽然我们之前也介绍过直接通过FlinkCDC同步Mysql到Doris，那种方式我们没办法对数据进行处理。

1.搭建项目导入依赖

版本兼容
在这里插入图片描述

flink-connector-mysql-cdc ：flinkCDC,实时监听Mysql增量或者全量同步
flink-doris-connector ：用来读写Doris的驱动

<properties>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <scala.version>2.12</scala.version>
        <flink.version>1.13.6</flink.version>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.13</version>
    </parent>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.83</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-clients_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql -cdc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ververica</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-connector-mysql-cdc</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.18</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-table-planner-blink_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>1.13.6</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!-- flink doris connector -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.doris</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-doris-connector-1.13_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-connector-jdbc_2.12</artifactId>
            <version>1.13.6</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.定义消息序列化器

定义序列化器，当拿到Mysql的数据后我们可以通过虚拟化器对数据进行格式化


/**
 * @desc mysql消息读取自定义序列化
 **/
public class MysqlDeserialization implements DebeziumDeserializationSchema<String> {

    public static final String TS_MS = "ts_ms";
    public static final String BIN_FILE = "file";
    public static final String POS = "pos";
    public static final String CREATE = "CREATE";
    public static final String BEFORE = "before";
    public static final String AFTER = "after";
    public static final String SOURCE = "source";
    public static final String UPDATE = "UPDATE";

    /**
     *
     * 反序列化数据,转为变更JSON对象
     */
    @Override
    public void deserialize(SourceRecord sourceRecord, Collector<String> collector) {
    	//拿到数据
        Struct struct = (Struct) sourceRecord.value();
        //输出数据
        collector.collect(getJsonObject(struct, AFTER).toJSONString());
    }
    
    /**
     *
     * 从原数据获取出变更之前或之后的数据
     */
    private JSONObject getJsonObject(Struct value, String fieldElement) {
        Struct element = value.getStruct(fieldElement);
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        if (element != null) {
            Schema afterSchema = element.schema();
            List<Field> fieldList = afterSchema.fields();
            for (Field field : fieldList) {
                Object afterValue = element.get(field);
                jsonObject.put(field.name(), afterValue);
            }
        }
        return jsonObject;
    }



    @Override
    public TypeInformation<String> getProducedType() {
        return TypeInformation.of(String.class);
    }
}

3.Mysql监听器

监听器的作用主要是监听Mysql的数据变更后，通过序列化器把数据进行处理后，然后同步到Doris中


/**
 * @desc mysql变更监听
 **/
@Component
public class MysqlEventListener implements ApplicationRunner {


    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.setParallelism(1);
        //设置Mysql数据源
        DebeziumSourceFunction<String> dataChangeInfoMySqlSource = buildDataChangeSource();
        DataStream<String> streamSource = env
                .addSource(dataChangeInfoMySqlSource, "mysql-source")
                .setParallelism(1);
        //streamSource.addSink(dataChangeSink);


        Properties pro = new Properties();
        pro.setProperty("format", "json");
        pro.setProperty("strip_outer_array", "true");
		//配置Doris信息
        streamSource.addSink(DorisSink.sink(DorisExecutionOptions.builder()
                                .setBatchSize(3)
                                .setBatchIntervalMs(10L)
                                .setMaxRetries(3)
                                .setStreamLoadProp(pro)
                                .setEnableDelete(true)
                                .build(),
                        DorisOptions.builder()
                                .setFenodes("192.168.220.253:8030")
                                .setTableIdentifier("app_db.orders")
                                .setUsername("root")
                                .setPassword("123456").build()));
        env.execute("mysql-stream-cdc");

    }

    /**
     * 构造变更数据源
     */
    private DebeziumSourceFunction<String> buildDataChangeSource() {
        return MySqlSource.<String>builder()
                .hostname("192.168.220.253")
                .port(3307)
                .databaseList("app_db")
                .tableList("app_db.orders")
                .username("root")
                .password("123456")

                /**initial初始化快照,即全量导入后增量导入(检测更新数据写入)
                 * latest:只进行增量导入(不读取历史变化)
                 * timestamp:指定时间戳进行数据导入(大于等于指定时间读取数据)
                 */
                .startupOptions(StartupOptions.latest())
                //序列化
                .deserializer(new MysqlDeserialization())
                .serverTimeZone("GMT+8")
                .build();
    }
}

4.最后编写一个启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class FlinkCdcApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FlinkCdcApplication.class, args);
    }
 
}

5.准备好数据库

我的Mysql使用的是：app_db.orders 对应的是Doris中的 app_db.orders ，字段类型，字段名需要一致哦。然后启动项目，修改Mysql的数据，Doris会自动同步过去

三.其他同步方式

Doris还支持其他的数据读写方式，具体的可以根据官网案例去尝试地址：https://doris.apache.org/zh-CN/docs/1.2/ecosystem/spark-doris-connector

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