1. 7种工作模式介绍

1.1  Simple(简单模式)

  • P: ⽣产者,也就是要发送消息的程序
  • C: 消费者,消息的接收者
  • Queue: 消息队列(图中⻩⾊背景部分)类似⼀个邮箱,可以缓存消息;⽣产者向其中投递消息,消费者从 其中取出消息

特点:

  • ⼀个⽣产者P,⼀个消费者C, 消息只能被消费⼀次.
  • 也称为点对点(Point-to-Point)模式.

适⽤场景:消息只能被单个消费者处理

1.2 WorkQueue(⼯作队列)

 

  • ⼀个⽣产者P,多个消费者C1,C2.
  • 在多个消息的情况下,WorkQueue会将消息分派给不同的消费者,每个消费者都会接收到不同的消息.

特点:

消息不会重复,分配给不同的消费者.

适⽤场景:集群环境中做异步处理

1.3 Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)

 

  • X表⽰交换机
  • ⼀个⽣产者P,多个消费者C1,C2,X代表交换机消息复制多份,每个消费者接收相同的消息
  • ⽣产者发送⼀条消息,经过交换机转发到多个不同的队列,多个不同的队列就有多个不同的消费者

适合场景:消息需要被多个消费者同时接收的场景.如:实时通知或者⼴播消息

Exchange:

作⽤:

⽣产者将消息发送到Exchange,由交换机将消息按⼀定规则路由到⼀个或多个队列中(上图中⽣产者将消息投递到队列中,实际上这个在RabbitMQ中不会发⽣.)

RabbitMQ交换机有四种类型:fanout,direct,topic,headers,不同类型有着不同的路由策略:

①Fanout:⼴播,将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列(Publish/Subscribe模式)

②Direct:定向,把消息交给符合指定routingkey的队列(Routing模式)

③Topic:通配符,把消息交给符合routingpattern(路由模式)的队列(Topics模式)

④headers类型的交换器不依赖于路由键的匹配规则来路由消息,⽽是根据发送的消息内容中的 headers属性进⾏匹配.headers类型的交换器性能会很差,⽽且也不实⽤,基本上不会看到它的存在.

  • Exchange(交换机)只负责转发消息,不具备存储消息的能⼒,因此如果没有任何队列与Exchange绑定,或者没有符合路由规则的队列,那么消息就会丢失
  • RoutingKey: 路由键.⽣产者将消息发给交换器时,指定的⼀个字符串,⽤来告诉交换机应该如何处理这个消息.
  • BindingKey:绑定.RabbitMQ中通过Binding(绑定)将交换器与队列关联起来,在绑定的时候⼀般会指定⼀个BindingKey, 这样RabbitMQ就知道如何正确地将消息路由到队列了.
  • 在使⽤绑定的时候,需要的路由键是BindingKey.
  • 在发送消息的时候,需要的路由键是RoutingKey.

1.4 Routing(路由模式)

 

  • 路由模式是发布订阅模式的变种,在发布订阅基础上,增加路由key
  • Exchange根据RoutingKey的规则, 将数据筛选后发给对应的消费者队列

适合场景:需要根据特定规则分发消息的场景.

1.5 Topics(通配符模式)

 

Topics和Routing的基本原理相同

即:⽣产者将消息发给交换机,交换机根据RoutingKey将消息转发给与RoutingKey匹配的队列

不同之处是:routingKey的匹配⽅式不同,Routing模式是相等匹配,topics模式是通配符匹配.

适合场景:需要灵活匹配和过滤消息的场景

在topic类型的交换机在匹配规则上,有些要求:

①RoutingKey是⼀系列由点( . )分隔的单词,⽐如" " q uick.orange.rabbit " stock.usd.nyse ","

②BindingKey 和RoutingKey⼀样,也是点( . )分割的字符串.

③Binding Key中可以存在两种特殊字符串,⽤于模糊匹配

  •  *表⽰⼀个单词
  •  #表⽰多个单词(0-N个)

比如:

• BindingKey为"d.a.b"会同时路由到Q1和Q2

• BindingKey为"d.a.f"会路由到Q1

1.6 RPC(RPC通信)

 

  • 客⼾端发送消息到⼀个指定的队列,并在消息属性中设置replyTo字段,这个字段指定了⼀个回调队 列,⽤于接收服务端的响应.
  • 服务端接收到请求后,处理请求并发送响应消息到replyTo指定的回调队列
  • 客⼾端在回调队列上等待响应消息.⼀旦收到响应,客⼾端会检查消息的correlationId属性,以确保它是所期望的响应.

1.7 Publisher Confirms(发布确认)

 

Publisher Confirms模式是RabbitMQ提供的⼀种确保消息可靠发送到RabbitMQ服务器的机制。

在这种模式下,⽣产者可以等待RabbitMQ服务器的确认,以确保消息已经被服务器接收并处理.

  • ⽣产者将Channel设置为confirm模式(通过调⽤channel.confirmSelect()完成)后,发布的每⼀条消 息都会获得⼀个唯⼀的ID,⽣产者可以将这些序列号与消息关联起来,以便跟踪消息的状态.
  • 当消息被RabbitMQ服务器接收并处理后,服务器会异步地向⽣产者发送⼀个确认(ACK)给⽣产者 (包含消息的唯⼀ID),表明消息已经送达.

通过PublisherConfirms模式,⽣产者可以确保消息被RabbitMQ服务器成功接收,从⽽避免消息丢失 的问题.

适⽤场景:对数据安全性要求较⾼的场景.⽐如⾦融交易,订单处理

 

2. 使用案例

public class Constants {

    public static final String HOST = "119.91.154.99";
    public static final int PORT = 5672;
    public static final String USER_NAME = "xuexue";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "xuexue";
    public static final String VIRTUAL_HOST = "bit";

    //工作队列模式
    public static final String WORK_QUEUE = "work.queue";

    //发布订阅模式
    public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE1 = "fanout.queue1";
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE2 = "fanout.queue2";

    //路由模式
    public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";
    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE1 = "direct.queue1";
    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE2 = "direct.queue2";

    //通配符模式
    public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic.exchange";
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE1 = "topic_queue1";
    public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE2 = "topic_queue2";

    //rpc 模式
    public static final String RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE = "rpc.request.queue";
    public static final String RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE = "rpc.response.queue";

    //publisher confirms
    public static final String PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE1 = "publisher.confirms.queue1";
    public static final String PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE2 = "publisher.confirms.queue2";
    public static final String PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE3 = "publisher.confirms.queue3";

    //推拉模式
    public static final String MESSAGE_QUEUE = "message.queue";

}

2.1 简单模式

无 

2.2 WorkQueues(⼯作队列)

生产者:

public class Producer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列   使用内置的交换机
        //如果队列不存在, 则创建, 如果队列存在, 则不创建
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.WORK_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 发送消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String msg = "hello work queue...."+i;
            channel.basicPublish("",Constants.WORK_QUEUE, null, msg.getBytes());
        }

        System.out.println("消息发送成功~");
        //5. 资源释放
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者(两个一样): 

public class Consumer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列   使用内置的交换机
        //如果队列不存在, 则创建, 如果队列存在, 则不创建
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.WORK_QUEUE, true, false, false, null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        //默认交换机,RoutingKey=队列名称
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.WORK_QUEUE, true, consumer);

        //5. 资源释放
        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

2.3 Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)

生产者: 

public class Producer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3.声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT,true);

        //4. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);
        //5.交换机和队列绑定
        channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");
        //6. 发布消息
        String msg = "hello fanout....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"", null, msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息发送成功");
        //7. 释放资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();


    }
}

消费者:

public class Consumer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1, true, consumer);
    }
}
public class Consumer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2, true, consumer);
    }
}

2.4 Routing(路由模式)

生产者:

public class Producer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);
        //4. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);
        //5. 绑定交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"a");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "a");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "b");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "c");

        //6. 发送消息
        String msg = "hello direct, my routingkey is a....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"a", null, msg.getBytes());

        String msg_b = "hello direct, my routingkey is b....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"b", null, msg_b.getBytes());

        String msg_c = "hello direct, my routingkey is c....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"c", null, msg_c.getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息发送成功");

        //7. 释放资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者: 

public class Consumer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = ((Connection) connection).createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1, true, consumer);


    }
}

public class Consumer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = ((Connection) connection).createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, true, consumer);


    }
}

2.5 Topics(通配符模式)

生产者:

public class Producer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = ((Connection) connection).createChannel();
        //3. 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC, true);
        //4. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);
        //5. 绑定交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "*.a.*");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "*.*.b");
        channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "c.#");
        //6. 发送消息
        String msg = "hello topic, my routingkey is ae.a.f....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"ae.a.f", null, msg.getBytes());  //转发到Q1

        String msg_b = "hello topic, my routingkey is ef.a.b....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"ef.a.b", null, msg_b.getBytes()); //转发到Q1和Q2

        String msg_c = "hello topic, my routingkey is c.ef.d....";
        channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"c.ef.d", null, msg_c.getBytes());//转发Q2
        System.out.println("消息发送成功");

        //7. 释放资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者: 

public class Consumer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, true, consumer);
    }
}
public class Consumer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2,true,false,false,null);
        //4. 消费消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            //从队列中收到消息, 就会执行的方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收到消息:"+ new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, true, consumer);
    }
}

2.6 RPC(RPC通信)

客户端:

/**
 * 1.发送请求
 * 2.接收响应
 */
public class Client {
    public  static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException, IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE, true, false, false, null);
        //4. 发送请求
        String msg = "hello rpc...";
        //设置请求的唯一标识
        String correlationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        //设置请求的相关属性
        AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder()
                .correlationId(correlationID)
                .replyTo(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE)
                //指定了⼀个回调队列,服务端处理后,会把响应结果发送到这个队列
                .build();
        //默认交换机,RoutingKey=队列名称
        //props属性
        channel.basicPublish("", Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE, props, msg.getBytes());

        //4. 接收响应(校验ID)
        //使用阻塞队列, 来存储响应信息
        //不适用阻塞队列,很快就接收响应,但是响应还没有传过来
        final BlockingQueue<String> response = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String respMsg = new String(body);
                System.out.println("接收到回调消息:"+respMsg);
                if (correlationID.equals(properties.getCorrelationId())){
                    //如果唯⼀标识正确, 放到阻塞队列中
                    response.offer(respMsg);
                }
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE, true, consumer);
        //获取回调的结果
        String result = response.take();
        System.out.println("[RPC Client 响应结果]:"+ result);

    }


}

服务端:

/**
 * 1.接收请求
 * 2.发送响应
 */

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1. 建立连接
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //2. 开启信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3. 接收请求
        //设置服务端同时最多只能获取⼀个消息
        channel.basicQos(1);
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                //将请求转化为string
                String request = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("接收到请求:" + request);

                //响应
                String response = "针对request:" + request + ", 响应成功";
                AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder()
                        .correlationId(properties.getCorrelationId())
                        .build();
                channel.basicPublish("", Constants.RPC_RESPONSE_QUEUE, basicProperties, response.getBytes());
                //消息应答
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);

            }
        };

        //false:手动确认
        channel.basicConsume(Constants.RPC_REQUEST_QUEUE, false, consumer);
    }
}

RabbitMQ消息确定机制

在RabbitMQ中,basicConsume⽅法的autoAck参数⽤于指定消费者是否应该⾃动向消息队列确认 消息

  • ⾃动确认(autoAck=true):消息队列在将消息发送给消费者后,会⽴即从内存中删除该消息.这意味着,如果消费者处理消息失败,消息将丢失,因为消息队列认为消息已经被成功消费
  • ⼿动确认(autoAck=false):消息队列在将消息发送给消费者后,需要消费者显式地调⽤basicAck ⽅法来确认消息.⼿动确认提供了更⾼的可靠性,确保消息不会被意外丢失,适⽤于消息处理重要且需 要确保每个消息都被正确处理的场景

2.7 Publisher Confirms(发布确认)

消息丢失⼤概分为三种情况:

1. ⽣产者问题.因为应⽤程序故障,⽹络抖动等各种原因,⽣产者没有成功向broker发送消息.

2. 消息中间件⾃⾝问题.⽣产者成功发送给了Broker,但是Broker没有把消息保存好,导致消息丢失.

3. 消费者问题.Broker发送消息到消费者,消费者在消费消息时,因为没有处理好,导致broker将消费 失败的消息从队列中删除了.


针对问题1,可以采⽤发布确认(PublisherConfirms)机制实现:

⽣产者将信道设置成confirm(确认)模式,⼀旦信道进⼊confirm模式,所有在该信道上⾯发布的消息都 会被指派⼀个唯⼀的ID(从1开始),⼀旦消息被投递到所有匹配的队列之后,RabbitMQ就会发送⼀个确认给⽣产者(包含消息的唯⼀ID)

这就使得⽣产者知道消息已经正确到达⽬的队列了,如果消息和队列是可持久化的,那么确认消息会在将消息写⼊磁盘之后发出

broker回传给⽣产者的确认消息中deliveryTag 包含了确认消息的序号,此外broker也可以设置channel.basicAck⽅法中的multiple参数,表⽰到这个序号之前的所有消息都已经得到了处理

发送⽅确认机制最⼤的好处在于它是异步的,⽣产者可以同时发布消息和等待信道返回确认消息.

当消息最终得到确认之后,⽣产者可以通过回调⽅法来处理该确认消息.

如果RabbitMQ因为⾃⾝内部错误导致消息丢失,就会发送⼀条nack(Basic.Nack)命令,⽣产者同样可以在回调⽅法中处理该nack命令. 

public class PublisherConfirms {
    private static final Integer MESSAGE_COUNT = 100;
    static Connection createConnection() throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);
        connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT); //需要提前开放端口号
        connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USER_NAME);//账号
        connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);  //密码
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST); //虚拟主机
        return connectionFactory.newConnection();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //Strategy #1: Publishing Messages Individually
        //单独确认
        //publishingMessagesIndividually();
        //Strategy #2: Publishing Messages in Batches
        //批量确认
        //publishingMessagesInBatches();

        //Strategy #3: Handling Publisher Confirms Asynchronously
        //异步确认
        handlingPublisherConfirmsAsynchronously();

    }

    /**
     * 异步确认
     */
    private static void handlingPublisherConfirmsAsynchronously() throws Exception {

        try (Connection connection = createConnection()){
            //1. 开启信道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //2. 设置信道为confirm模式
            channel.confirmSelect();
            //3. 声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE3, true, false, false, null);
            //4. 监听confirm
            //创建有序集合.中存储的是未确认的消息ID
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            SortedSet<Long> confirmSeqNo = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<>());

            channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
                @Override
                public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                    if (multiple){
                        //<=都清除
                        //headSet返回<n的集合,但是这条也要被删除
                        confirmSeqNo.headSet(deliveryTag+1).clear();
                    }else {
                        confirmSeqNo.remove(deliveryTag);
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                    if (multiple){
                        confirmSeqNo.headSet(deliveryTag+1).clear();
                    }else {
                        confirmSeqNo.remove(deliveryTag);
                    }
                    //业务需要根据实际场景进行处理, 比如重发, 此处代码省略
                }
            });

            //5.发送消息
            for (int i = 0; i < MESSAGE_COUNT; i++) {
                String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;
                //获取要发送消息的序号
                long seqNo = channel.getNextPublishSeqNo();
                channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE3, null, msg.getBytes());
                //放
                confirmSeqNo.add(seqNo);
            }
            while (!confirmSeqNo.isEmpty()){
                Thread.sleep(10);
            }
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.printf("异步确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 批量确认
     */
    private static void publishingMessagesInBatches() throws Exception{
        try(Connection connection = createConnection()) {
            //1. 开启信道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //2. 设置信道为confirm模式
            channel.confirmSelect();
            //3. 声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);
            //4. 发送消息, 并进行确认
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            int batchSize = 100;
            int outstandingMessageCount = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < MESSAGE_COUNT; i++) {
                String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;
                channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE2, null, msg.getBytes());
                outstandingMessageCount++;
                if (outstandingMessageCount==batchSize){
                    channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);
                    outstandingMessageCount = 0;
                }
            }
            if (outstandingMessageCount>0){
                channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);
            }
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.printf("批量确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);

        }
    }



    /**
     * 单独确认
     */
    private static void publishingMessagesIndividually() throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = createConnection()){
            //1.开启新道
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //2.设置信道为confirm模式
            channel.confirmSelect();
            //3. 声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);
            //4.发送信息,并等待确认
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            for(int i =0; i< MESSAGE_COUNT;i++){
                String msg = "hello publisher confirms"+i;
                channel.basicPublish("",Constants.PUBLISHER_CONFIRMS_QUEUE1, null, msg.getBytes());
                //等待确认
                channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie(5000);
            }
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.printf("单独确认策略, 消息条数: %d, 耗时: %d ms \n",MESSAGE_COUNT, end-start);
        }
    }

}

异步确认:

Channel接⼝提供了⼀个⽅法addConfirmListener.这个⽅法可以添加ConfirmListener回调接⼝

deliveryTag 表⽰发送消息的序号

multiple 表⽰是否批量确认

我们需要为每⼀个Channel维护⼀个已发送消息的序号集合.当收到RabbitMQ的confirm回调时,从集 合中删除对应的消息.当Channel开启confirm模式后,channel上发送消息都会附带⼀个从1开始递增的 deliveryTag序号. 可以使⽤SortedSet的有序性来维护这个已发消息的集合.

  • 当收到ack时,从序列中删除该消息的序号.如果为批量确认消息,表⽰⼩于等于当前序号 deliveryTag的消息都收到了,则清除对应集合
  • 当收到nack时,处理逻辑类似,不过需要结合具体的业务情况,进⾏消息重发等操作.

对比:

消息数越多,异步确认的优势越明显

 

3. Spring Boot整合RabbitMQ

 创建项⽬时, 加⼊依赖:

 

添加配置:

详情代码看idea

 

 

3.1 工作队列模式

 

声明队列(@Bean交给spring进行管理):

生产者:

 

消费者:

① Message message

②String message 

 

此处返回的是message的具体内容

channel:

 

3.2  Publish/Subscribe(发布订阅模式)

 

声明队列,交换机:

绑定:

这里@Qualifier指定绑定的队列和交换机

 

发送消息:

 

 

 

3.3 Routing(路由模式)

 

此时绑定需要指定routingkey 

 

注意:放到路径里,需要使用注解@PathVariable

 

 

3.4 Topics(通配符模式)

 

 

 

 

4. 基于SpringBoot+RabbitMQ完成应⽤通信

需求:

⽤⼾下单成功之后, 通知物流系统, 进⾏发货

 

订单系统:生产者

物流系统:消费者

创建项目

创建⼀个空的项⽬ rabbitmq-communication(其实就是⼀个空的⽂件夹),将两个项⽬放在⼀个项⽬中

生产者

配置 

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    addresses: amqp://xuexue:xuexue@119.91.154.99:5672/order
server:
  port: 9090

声明队列

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    @Bean("orderQueue")
    public Queue orderQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable("order.create").build();
    }
}

发送订单消息

 

@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/create")
    public String create(){
        //发送消息
        String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("","order.create","订单信息,订单ID:"+orderId);
        return "下单成功";
    }

  
}

启动服务,观察结果 

119.91.154.99:15672

 

 

 

 

消费者

配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    addresses: amqp://xuexue:xuexue@119.91.154.99:5672/order
server:
  port: 8080

 

监听队列 

@Component
public class OrderListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "order.create")
    public void handMessage(String orderInfo){
        System.out.println("接收到订单消息:"+orderInfo);
    }

  
}

 结果

  

发送消息格式为对象

如果通过 RabbitTemplate 发送⼀个对象作为消息, 我们需要对该对象进⾏序列化.

Spring AMQP推荐使⽤JSON序列化,Spring AMQP提供了 Jackson2JsonMessageConverter,我们需要把⼀个 MessageConverter 设置 到 RabbitTemplate 中

JSON序列化(生产者和消费者都要添加)

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    @Bean("orderQueue")
    public Queue orderQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable("order.create").build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter){
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }
}

定义对象

@Data
public class OrderInfo  { 
    private String orderId;
    private String name;
}

生产者

@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/create")
    public String create(){
        //发送消息
        String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("","order.create","订单信息,订单ID:"+orderId);
        return "下单成功";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/create2")
    public String create2(){
        //发送消息
        OrderInfo orderInfo  = new OrderInfo();
        orderInfo.setOrderId( UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        orderInfo.setName("价格"+new Random().nextInt(100));
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("","order.create","订单信息,订单ID:"+orderInfo);
        return "下单成功";
    }
}

查看消息: 

消费者 

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "order.create")
public class OrderListener {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void handMessage(String orderInfo){
        System.out.println("接收到订单消息String:"+orderInfo);
    }

    @RabbitHandler
    public void handMessage(OrderInfo orderInfo){
        System.out.println("接收到订单消息OrderInfo:"+orderInfo);
    }
}

@RabbitListener(queues="order.create")可以加在类上,也可以加在方法上,⽤于定于⼀个类或者方法作为消息的监听器

@RabbitHandler是一个方法级别的注解,使用它该方法被调用处理特定的消息

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