《重学Java设计模式》之 原型模式

原型模式主要解决的问题就是创建重复对象，而这部分对象内容本身比较复杂，生成过程可能从库或者RPC接口中获取数据的耗时较长，因此采用克隆的方式节省时间。

案例：上机考试抽题，要求打乱题目、答案数据

工厂结构

选择题实体类

public class ChoiceQuestion {

    private String name;                 // 题目
    private Map<String, String> option;  // 选项；A、B、C、D
    private String key;                  // 答案；B
}

简答题实体类

public class AnswerQuestion {
    private String name;  // 问题
    private String key;   // 答案
}

选项重排工具类

public class TopicRandomUtil {

    /**
     * 乱序Map元素，记录对应答案key
     * @param option 题目
     * @param key    答案
     * @return Topic 乱序后 {A=c., B=d., C=a., D=b.}
     */
    static public Topic random(Map<String, String> option, String key) {
        Set<String> keySet = option.keySet();
        ArrayList<String> keyList = new ArrayList<String>(keySet);
        Collections.shuffle(keyList);
        HashMap<String, String> optionNew = new HashMap<String, String>();
        int idx = 0;
        String keyNew = "";
        for (String next : keySet) {
            String randomKey = keyList.get(idx++);
            if (key.equals(next)) {
                keyNew = randomKey;
            }
            optionNew.put(randomKey, option.get(next));
        }
        return new Topic(optionNew, keyNew);
    }
}

克隆对象处理类

public class QuestionBank implements Cloneable{
    private String candidate; // 考生
    private String number;    // 考号

    private ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion> choiceQuestionList = new ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion>();
    private ArrayList<AnswerQuestion> answerQuestionList = new ArrayList<AnswerQuestion>();

    public QuestionBank append(ChoiceQuestion choiceQuestion) {
        choiceQuestionList.add(choiceQuestion);
        return this;
    }

    public QuestionBank append(AnswerQuestion answerQuestion) {
        answerQuestionList.add(answerQuestion);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        QuestionBank questionBank = (QuestionBank) super.clone();
        questionBank.choiceQuestionList = (ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion>) choiceQuestionList.clone();
        questionBank.answerQuestionList = (ArrayList<AnswerQuestion>) answerQuestionList.clone();

        // 题目乱序
        Collections.shuffle(questionBank.choiceQuestionList);
        Collections.shuffle(questionBank.answerQuestionList);
        // 答案乱序
        ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion> choiceQuestionList = questionBank.choiceQuestionList;
        for (ChoiceQuestion question : choiceQuestionList) {
            Topic random = TopicRandomUtil.random(question.getOption(), question.getKey());
            question.setOption(random.getOption());
            question.setKey(random.getKey());
        }
        return questionBank;
    }

    public void setCandidate(String candidate) {
        this.candidate = candidate;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        StringBuilder detail = new StringBuilder("考生：" + candidate + "\r\n" +
                "考号：" + number + "\r\n" +
                "--------------------------------------------\r\n" +
                "一、选择题" + "\r\n\n");

        for (int idx = 0; idx < choiceQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
            detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题：").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
            Map<String, String> option = choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getOption();
            for (String key : option.keySet()) {
                detail.append(key).append("：").append(option.get(key)).append("\r\n");;
            }
            detail.append("答案：").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
        }

        detail.append("二、问答题" + "\r\n\n");

        for (int idx = 0; idx < answerQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
            detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题：").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
            detail.append("答案：").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
        }

        return detail.toString();
    }

}

初始化试题试卷

public class QuestionBankController {

    private QuestionBank questionBank = new QuestionBank();

    public QuestionBankController() {

        Map<String, String> map01 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map01.put("A", "JAVA2 EE");
        map01.put("B", "JAVA2 Card");
        map01.put("C", "JAVA2 ME");
        map01.put("D", "JAVA2 HE");
        map01.put("E", "JAVA2 SE");

        Map<String, String> map02 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map02.put("A", "JAVA程序的main方法必须写在类里面");
        map02.put("B", "JAVA程序中可以有多个main方法");
        map02.put("C", "JAVA程序中类名必须与文件名一样");
        map02.put("D", "JAVA程序的main方法中如果只有一条语句，可以不用{}(大括号)括起来");

        Map<String, String> map03 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map03.put("A", "变量由字母、下划线、数字、$符号随意组成；");
        map03.put("B", "变量不能以数字作为开头；");
        map03.put("C", "A和a在java中是同一个变量；");
        map03.put("D", "不同类型的变量，可以起相同的名字；");

        Map<String, String> map04 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map04.put("A", "STRING");
        map04.put("B", "x3x;");
        map04.put("C", "void");
        map04.put("D", "de$f");

        Map<String, String> map05 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map05.put("A", "31");
        map05.put("B", "0");
        map05.put("C", "1");
        map05.put("D", "2");

        questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("JAVA所定义的版本中不包括", map01, "D"))
                .append(new ChoiceQuestion("下列说法正确的是", map02, "A"))
                .append(new ChoiceQuestion("变量命名规范说法正确的是", map03, "B"))
                .append(new ChoiceQuestion("以下()不是合法的标识符",map04, "C"))
                .append(new ChoiceQuestion("表达式(11+3*8)/4%3的值是", map05, "D"))
                .append(new AnswerQuestion("小红马和小黑马生的小马几条腿", "4条腿"))
                .append(new AnswerQuestion("铁棒打头疼还是木棒打头疼", "头最疼"))
                .append(new AnswerQuestion("什么床不能睡觉", "牙床"))
                .append(new AnswerQuestion("为什么好马不吃回头草", "后面的草没了"));
    }

    public String createPaper(String candidate, String number) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        QuestionBank questionBankClone = (QuestionBank) questionBank.clone();
        questionBankClone.setCandidate(candidate);
        questionBankClone.setNumber(number);
        return questionBankClone.toString();
    }
}

测试

    @GetMapping("/questionBank")
    public String questionBank() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        QuestionBankController questionBankController = new QuestionBankController();
        System.out.println(questionBankController.createPaper("花花", "1000001921032"));
        System.out.println(questionBankController.createPaper("豆豆", "1000001921051"));
        System.out.println(questionBankController.createPaper("大宝", "1000001921987"));
        return "奖品发放成功!";
    }