项目实战
1.创建项目(sms)
File->New Project->Django
稍等片刻，项目的目录结构如下图
项目创建后确认是否已安装Django和mysqlclient解释器，如何确认？file->Settings
如果没有请在Terminal终端输入以下命令完成安装
pip install django
pip install mysqlclient
领资料、源码，戳一戳
领资料、源码，戳一戳
如果在执行pip install 报错Read time out请设置延长下超时时间，默认15s,网络不好情况下很易超时
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U django
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U mysqlclient
参数-U是–upgrade简写，把安装的包升级到最新版本
2.创建应用(sims)
打开Pycharm的Terminal终端，输入以下命令创建sims应用
python manage.py startapp sims
应用创建后要在项目的settings.py文件里的INSTALLED_APPS下面添加smis完成应用注册
3.Django配置MySQL
在本地MySQL创建sms数据库，修改项目的settings连接信息由默认的sqlite修改为MySQL
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'sms',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306
}
}
测试连接，依次点击Pycharm右上角的Database->±>Data Source->MySQL
下载连接驱动和配置数据库连接信息
点击Test Connection测试连接，连接通过点击OK出现如下的结构信息表示连接本地MySQL成功
4.数据模型创建(M)
在应用sims下models.py添加Student模型
class Student(models.Model):
student_no = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
student_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
5.数据模型迁移
Terminal终端输入以下两条命令，其作用第一条生成文件记录模型的变化；第二条是将模型变化同步至数据库，我们可以在数据库生成对应的表结构。
python manage.py makemigrations sims
python manage.py migrate sims
生成数据表结构如下所示
6.路由配置
本质可以理解请求路径url和处理方法的映射配置，首先在项目sms的urls.py文件中添加sims的路由配置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^sims/', include('sims.urls'))
]
然后在sims添加一个名为urls.py的文件，添加路由配置如下
# coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index),
url(r'^add/$', views.add),
url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),
url(r'^delete/$', views.delete)
]
7.处理函数(V)
在应用sims的视图层文件views.py添加对应学生信息增删改查的处理函数,这里我使用的原生SQL，便于深入理解其执行过程。后面有时间我会在github上添加Django框架提供的操作数据库方式。
import MySQLdb
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
# Create your views here.
# 学生信息列表处理函数
def index(request):
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student")
students = cursor.fetchall()
return render(request, 'student/index.html', {'students': students})
# 学生信息新增处理函数
def add(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'student/add.html')
else:
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO sims_student (student_no,student_name) "
"values (%s,%s)", [student_no, student_name])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息修改处理函数
def edit(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
id = request.GET.get("id")
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student where id =%s", [id])
student = cursor.fetchone()
return render(request, 'student/edit.html', {'student': student})
else:
id = request.POST.get("id")
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("UPDATE sims_student set student_no=%s,student_name=%s where id =%s",
[student_no, student_name, id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息删除处理函数
def delete(request):
id = request.GET.get("id")
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM sims_student WHERE id =%s", [id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
8.模板页面(T)
- 学生信息列表页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<a href="../sims/add">添加学生</a>
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>学号</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
{% for student in students %}
<tr>
<td align="center">{{ forloop.counter }} </td>
<td align="center">{{ student.student_name }} </td>
<td align="center">{{ student.student_no }} </td>
<td align="center">
<a href="../sims/edit/?id={{ student.id }}">
编辑
</a>
<a href="../sims/delete/?id={{ student.id }}">
删除
</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>
- 学生信息新增页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生添加</title>
<style>
form {
margin: 20px auto;
width: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 20px
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../add/">
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<td><input name="student_name"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>学号</th>
<td><input name="student_no"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 学生信息编辑页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生编辑</title>
<style>
form {
margin: 20px auto;
width: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 20px
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../edit/">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ student.id }}"/>
<table>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<td><input name="student_name" value="{{ student.student_name }}"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>学号</th>
<td><input name="student_no" value="{{ student.student_no }}"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
9.启动web服务测试
Terminal终端输入以下命令启动web服务
python manage.py runserver
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